“Do lado de fora” : trajetórias de vida de jovens que cumpriram a medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida em Samambaia-DF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados e Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania, 2020.Este trabalho reflete sobre a medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida, especificamente no Distrito Federal. Faz-se uma retrospectiva da legislação brasileira sobre os adolescentes que ainda não atingiram a maioridade penal e cometeram atos infracionais, desde o Código Criminal de 1830 ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990, para apresentar os avanços e retrocessos acerca do tema no país e mostrar a mentalidade vigente nos diferentes momentos. A mentalidade punivista, que existe no Brasil há muito tempo, mostra sua face nos recorrentes debates sobre a redução da maioridade penal no país. A educação tem papel preponderante nas medidas socioeducativas e esta dissertação busca entender como ela contribui para que o jovem que comete ato infracional torne-se um sujeito de direitos. Foram feitas entrevistas com jovens que já cumpriram a medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida para conhecer a visão deles sobre a medida em si, a redução da maioridade penal, a educação e suas experiências de vida. Em meio à pandemia de Covid-19 que assolou o mundo no ano de 2020, faz-se necessário analisar como ela afetou a educação brasileira e qual foi o impacto no cumprimento da medida de liberdade assistida, o que foi feito através de entrevista com profissionais que trabalham no acompanhamento dos jovens. O resultado da pesquisa demonstrou que a educação tem papel fundamental na vida de jovens sob medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida, não só por oferecer acesso à educação formal e à escolarização, mas também à socialização na escola e por permitir acesso ao mercado de trabalho. Este último tem sido instrumento de inserção do jovem na sociedade, de forma a possibilitar condições concretas de sobrevivência e, ao mesmo tempo, oferecer novas oportunidades para redirecionar seu projeto de vida.This work is a reflection about the attended freedom partner-educative measure specifically in the Federal District of Brazil. A retrospective of the Brazilian law about individuals who have not achieved criminal majority is done starting in the 1830 Criminal Code until the 1990 Child and Adolescent Statute to present the advances and setbacks on the topic in Brazil and show the current mentality at different times. Punitivist mentality, that exists in the country for a long time, shows its face in recurring discussions about lowering the criminal majority in Brazil. Education has a preponderant role in partner-educative measures and this work try to understand how it contributes to the adolescents who committed infractional acts becomes a subject of rights. Interviews were made with adolescents who have already went thru the attended freedom partner- educative measure to get to know their opinion about the measure itself, reduction of criminal majority, education, and their life experiences. Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the whole world in the year of 2020 it is necessary to analyse how it affected Brazilian education and what was the impact on attended freedom partner-educative measure. This was done through an interview with professionals who assist these adolescents. The result of this work shows that education has a fundamental role in the life of adolescents in attended freedom partner-educative measure not only for providing access to formal education but also for providing socialization in school, helping the youngsters to get in the job market. The latter has been an insertion instrument of these adolescents in society to enable concrete survival conditions and, at the same time, offer new opportunities to redirect their life projects

Genetic diversity in cultivated carioca common beans based on molecular marker analysis

A wide array of molecular markers has been used to investigate the genetic diversity among common bean species. However, the best combination of markers for studying such diversity among common bean cultivars has yet to be determined. Few reports have examined the genetic diversity of the carioca bean, commercially one of the most important common beans in Brazil. In this study, we examined the usefulness of two molecular marker systems (simple sequence repeats – SSRs and amplified fragment length polymorphisms – AFLPs) for assessing the genetic diversity of carioca beans. The amount of information provided by Roger’s modified genetic distance was used to analyze SSR data and Jaccards similarity coefficient was used for AFLP data. Seventy SSRs were polymorphic and 20 AFLP primer combinations produced 635 polymorphic bands. Molecular analysis showed that carioca genotypes were quite diverse. AFLPs revealed greater genetic differentiation and variation within the carioca genotypes (Gst = 98% and Fst = 0.83, respectively) than SSRs and provided better resolution for clustering the carioca genotypes. SSRs and AFLPs were both suitable for assessing the genetic diversity of Brazilian carioca genotypes since the number of markers used in each system provided a low coefficient of variation. However, fingerprint profiles were generated faster with AFLPs, making them a better choice for assessing genetic diversity in the carioca germplasm