Health impact of drainage and sewerage in poor urban areas in Salvador, Brazil

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN017871 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Texto completo:acesso restrito. p. 197-204This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1989 among children aged between 5 and 14 years old living in nine poor urban areas of the city of Salvador(pop. 2.44 million), capital of Bahia State, in Northeast Brazil. Three of these areas had benefited from both drainage and sewerage, 3 from improved drainage only, and 3 from neither. The children studied thus belonged to 3 exposure groups regarding their level of sanitation infrastructure. An extensive questionnaire was applied to collect information on each child and on the conditions of the household, and stool examinations of the children 5—14 years old were performed to measure nematode infection. Comparison of the sewerage group with the drainage-only group and the latter with the control (no sewerage or drainage) group showed that, when the level of community sanitation was better, the prevalence of infection among children was less, but risk factors identified for infection were more numerous and more significant. Intensity of infection with Trichuris, but not with Ascaris or hookworm, was also less. The results suggest that sewerage and drainage can have a significant effect on intestinal nematode infections, by reducing transmission occurring in the public domain

Fatores ambientais associados às helmintoses intestinais em áreas de assentamento subnormal, Juiz de Fora, MG Environmental factors related to intestinal helminth infections in subnormal settled areas, Juiz de Fora, MG

Os objetivos deste trabalho são o de caracterizar a morbidade por infecções intestinais por helmintos e o de identificar os fatores associados a estas doenças, com ênfase para os fatores ambientais, em crianças com idade entre um ano completo e cinco anos incompletos residentes em áreas de assentamento subnormal - áreas de invasão. Utilizou-se um delineamento epidemiológico transversal de base populacional em 29 das 78 áreas de assentamento subnormal do município de Juiz de Fora - MG. A amostra foi composta por todas as crianças na faixa etária de interesse residentes nos 29 assentamentos, escolhidos de forma não aleatória. A amostra estudada totalizou 753 crianças. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante entrevistas domiciliares com a mãe ou o responsável pela criança. Utilizou-se o método de Hoffmann-Pons-Janer no exame parasitológico de fezes. Foram usados modelos de regressão logística binária para identificar fatores associados às enfermidades. Da amostra, 161 (21,38%) crianças apresentaram infecções intestinais por helmintos. Os fatores associados a estas parasitoses incluíram idade da criança, renda familiar, queixas quanto à qualidade da água do sistema público e deficiências no esgotamento sanitário.<br>The objectives of this study are the characterization of the morbidity by intestinal helminth infections and the identification of the factors associated with these diseases, with emphasis on environmental factors, in children ranging from one to five incomplete years old residing in subnormal settlement areas - invasion areas. A population-based cross-sectional epidemiological design was used in 29 out of the 78 subnormal settlement areas in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG. The sample consisted of all children at the age of interest residing in the 29 settlement areas, not chosen at random. The assessed sample amounted to 753 children. Data were collected by means of domiciliary interviews with their mothers or with the person responsible for them. The Hoffmann-Pons-Janer method was used in the parasitological feces examination. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the diseases. One hundred, sixty and one (21.38%) sample children presented intestinal helminth infections. The factors associated with these parasitic diseases included the children's age, family income, complaints about the quality of the water from the public system and deficiencies in sanitation

Discursos sobre a relação saneamento-saúde-ambiente na legislação: uma análise de conceitos e diretrizes Discourses on sanitation-health-environment relationship in the legislation: an analysis of concepts and lines of direction

Foram identificados em textos da legislação brasileira diversos discursos que tratam do conceito de saneamento, de saúde e de ambiente, bem como das práticas exercidas no setor de saneamento. Buscou-se com isso verificar se a percepção que os mesmos revelam sobre tais temas se aproxima de uma visão de prevenção de doenças ou de promoção da saúde. Concluiu-se que, relativamente aos conceitos, há predominância de uma visão preventivista; existência de ambigüidades dentro de uma mesma lei; ocorrência de omissões. No que tange às práticas, há predominância de discursos promocionais; ambigüidades e omissões discursivas.<br>Some discourses about concepts of health and environment and about concepts and practices of water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, urban drainage, were identified on Brazilian legislation. The discourses were analyzed based on prevention diseases ideas and health promotion proposal. The results allow saying that, about concepts, most of discourses approach prevention ideas; there are ambiguous visions within the same law and there are omissions. About practices, there are more promotional discourses than preventive discourses; ambiguities and omissions