10 research outputs found
Contractions, deformations and curvature
The role of curvature in relation with Lie algebra contractions of the
pseudo-ortogonal algebras so(p,q) is fully described by considering some
associated symmetrical homogeneous spaces of constant curvature within a
Cayley-Klein framework. We show that a given Lie algebra contraction can be
interpreted geometrically as the zero-curvature limit of some underlying
homogeneous space with constant curvature. In particular, we study in detail
the contraction process for the three classical Riemannian spaces (spherical,
Euclidean, hyperbolic), three non-relativistic (Newtonian) spacetimes and three
relativistic ((anti-)de Sitter and Minkowskian) spacetimes. Next, from a
different perspective, we make use of quantum deformations of Lie algebras in
order to construct a family of spaces of non-constant curvature that can be
interpreted as deformations of the above nine spaces. In this framework, the
quantum deformation parameter is identified as the parameter that controls the
curvature of such "quantum" spaces.Comment: 17 pages. Based on the talk given in the Oberwolfach workshop:
Deformations and Contractions in Mathematics and Physics (Germany, january
2006) organized by M. de Montigny, A. Fialowski, S. Novikov and M.
Schlichenmaie
Expansions of algebras and superalgebras and some applications
After reviewing the three well-known methods to obtain Lie algebras and
superalgebras from given ones, namely, contractions, deformations and
extensions, we describe a fourth method recently introduced, the expansion of
Lie (super)algebras. Expanded (super)algebras have, in general, larger
dimensions than the original algebra, but also include the Inonu-Wigner and
generalized IW contractions as a particular case. As an example of a physical
application of expansions, we discuss the relation between the possible
underlying gauge symmetry of eleven-dimensional supergravity and the
superalgebra osp(1|32).Comment: Invited lecture delivered at the 'Deformations and Contractions in
Mathematics and Physics Workshop', 15-21 January 2006, Mathematisches
Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, German
Modelling the formation of optical waveguides produced in LiNbO<sub>3</sub> by laser induced thermal diffusion of lithium ions
Analytical and numerical modelling of the fabrication of optical waveguides in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) through direct writing with a continuous wave ultraviolet (UV) laser has been performed. It is proposed that the UV illumination induces heating of the surface and subsequent thermal diffusion of lithium which alters the refractive index in accordance with the lithium concentration dependence of the Sellmeier equations
InfluĂȘncia de diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo na coesĂŁo, resistĂȘncia ao cisalhamento e Ăłxidos de Fe, Si E Al em solo de tabuleiro costeiro de Alagoas Influence of different use and management systems on cohesion, shear strength and Fe, Si and Al oxides in coastal tableland soils of Alagoas state, Brazil
A tensĂŁo de cisalhamento e a coesĂŁo do solo constituem importantes propriedades fĂsicas do solo, podendo ser influenciadas pelo sistema de manejo e Ăłxidos de Fe, Si e Al do solo. Os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de manejo de solo cultivado com cana-de-açĂșcar na tensĂŁo de cisalhamento, Ăąngulo de atrito interno, coesĂŁo do solo e nos teores de Ăłxidos de Fe, Si e Al de um Argissolo Amarelo Coeso foram estudados em quatro ĂĄreas da Usina Triunfo, no Estado de Alagoas. Os tratamentos abrangeram: uma ĂĄrea irrigada, uma ĂĄrea nĂŁo irrigada, uma com aplicação de vinhaça e uma sob floresta nativa, como condição original. Amostras foram tiradas de cada ĂĄrea a 0,2-0,4 m e 0,4-0,8 m de profundidade. Os sistemas sequeiro e irrigado promoveram os maiores aumentos na coesĂŁo, Ăąngulo de atrito interno e resistĂȘncia ao cisalhamento do solo. Os teores de ĂĄgua e de Ăłxidos no solo influĂram nos valores de coesĂŁo do solo, tendo sido os maiores valores deste atributo obtidos em solos com teores de ĂĄgua mais baixos e solos com maiores teores de Ăłxidos.<br>The shear tension and soil cohesion are important soil physical properties. They are affected by management systems and the content of Fe, Si and Al oxides in the soil. The effects of different sugarcane management systems on the shear tension, angle of internal friction, soil cohesion, and the contents of Fe, Si and Al oxides in a Cohesive Yellow Argisol were studied in four areas of the Triunfo mill in Alagoas State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of an area cultivated with irrigation and another without irrigation, a site with vinasse application. A native forest area was included as reference for the original conditions. Samples were collected from each site at depths of 0.2-0.4 m and 0.4-0.8 m. The areas cultivated with and without irrigation promoted the greatest increase in soil cohesion, angle of internal friction and soil shear strength. The water and oxide contents affected the soil cohesion; the highest soil cohesion values were obtained in soils with the lowest water and the highest oxide contents
Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.N
Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis
Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (ClavienâDindo Grades IIIâV). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49â2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46â0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease