Características bromatológicas y fermentativas in vitro de complementos con Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb y cáscara de Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber

Objective: To determine the bromatological and in vitro fermentative characteristics of supplements made with pod parota and pumpkin pulp shell. Methodology: The supplements evaluated were C1 = 50% pumpkin pulp shell and 50% pod parota; C2 = 60% pumpkin pulp shell and 40% pod parota; C3 = 70% pumpkin pulp shell and 30% pod parota. In the supplements, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash (As), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), partial and accumulated production of biogas and methane were determined, biogas production kinetics, pH, total bacteria count, ammoniacal nitrogen, degradation of DM and NDF Results: On average they quantified 15.88% of CP and 42.36% of NDF. C3 produced 4.53% more accumulated biogas than C2 (P<0.05). In the accumulated production of methane C2 and C3 did not show differences (P>0.05); but, they produced 7.31% less methane than C1 (P<0.05). In vitro degradations did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). Limitations on study: The best fermentative characteristics appear when the complement is worked with 60% pumpkin pulp shell. Conclusions: Pumpkin pulp shell with pod parota are used to elaborate complements based on in vitro biogas production and degradations, so it can represent an alternative feeding of ruminants in the tropics.Objetivo: Determinar las características bromatológicas y fermentativas in vitro de complementos elaborados con harina de vaina de parota, cascara y pulpa de calabaza. Metodología: Los complementos evaluados fueron C1 = 50% harina de cascara con pulpa de calabaza y 50% de harina de vaina de parota; C2 = 60% harina de cascara con pulpa de calabaza y 40% de harina de vaina de parota; C3 = 70% harina de cascara con pulpa de calabaza y 30% de harina de vaina de parota. En los complementos se determinó materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), cenizas (Ce), materia orgánica (MO), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), producción parcial y acumulada de biogás y metano, cinética de producción de biogás, pH, conteo total de bacterias, nitrógeno amoniacal, degradación de MS y FDN. Resultados: En promedio cuantificaron 15.88% de PC y 42.36% de FDN. C3 produjo 4.53% más biogás acumulado que C2 (P<0.05). En la producción acumulada de metano C2 y C3 no mostraron diferencias (P>0.05); pero, produjeron 7.31% menos metano que C1 (P<0.05). Las degradaciones in vitro no presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos (P>0.05). Limitaciones del estudio: Las mejores características fermentativas se presentan cuando el complemento se labora con 60% de harina de cascara con pulpa de calabaza. Conclusiones: La harina de cascara con pulpa de calabaza con vaina de parota sirven para elaborar complementos con base en su producción de biogás y degradaciones in vitro, por lo que puede representar una alternativa de alimentación de rumiantes en el trópico

Evolution of ocean circulation and water masses in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) during the last 31,000 years revealed by radiolarians and silicoflagellates in IODP expedition 385 sediment cores

The high-resolution analysis of radiolarians and silicoflagellates in sediments from Holes U1545A and U1549A drilled during IODP Expedition 385 in the Guaymas Basin, in the Gulf of California provides detailed insights into the evolution of ocean circulation and water masses, and its relation to Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean climate conditions, over the past 31,000 cal years BP (based on AMS radiocarbon dates). In the pre-Last Glacial Maximum, the Guaymas Basin experienced alternating circulation patterns of California Current Water (CCW) and Gulf of California Water (GCW), with an extended presence of the Pacific Intermediate Water (PIW) owing to: amplified jet streams; southern movement of the California Current System (CCS) and the incursion of CCW into the gulf; and increased North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) formation. The Last Glacial Maximum witnessed the incursion of CCW due to the stronger CCS. The dominance of the PIW indicates the expansion and formation of NPIW. The Heinrich-I event as manifested in the core record, displays two distinct patterns, one suggesting GCW-like dominance and the other, the occurrence of CCW. The Bølling-Ållerød interstadial featured the entry of Tropical Surface Water (TSW), GCW, and CCW, linked with the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In the Younger Dryas, CCW dominated, transitioning to GCW as colder climatic conditions and more intense CCS. The Holocene displayed alternating periods of TSW and GCW, with a modern monsoon regime from 7,600 to 1,000 cal years BP. From 1,000 cal years BP to the present the ITCZ shifted to the south

DataSheet1_Evolution of ocean circulation and water masses in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) during the last 31,000 years revealed by radiolarians and silicoflagellates in IODP expedition 385 sediment cores.docx

The high-resolution analysis of radiolarians and silicoflagellates in sediments from Holes U1545A and U1549A drilled during IODP Expedition 385 in the Guaymas Basin, in the Gulf of California provides detailed insights into the evolution of ocean circulation and water masses, and its relation to Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean climate conditions, over the past 31,000 cal years BP (based on AMS radiocarbon dates). In the pre-Last Glacial Maximum, the Guaymas Basin experienced alternating circulation patterns of California Current Water (CCW) and Gulf of California Water (GCW), with an extended presence of the Pacific Intermediate Water (PIW) owing to: amplified jet streams; southern movement of the California Current System (CCS) and the incursion of CCW into the gulf; and increased North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) formation. The Last Glacial Maximum witnessed the incursion of CCW due to the stronger CCS. The dominance of the PIW indicates the expansion and formation of NPIW. The Heinrich-I event as manifested in the core record, displays two distinct patterns, one suggesting GCW-like dominance and the other, the occurrence of CCW. The Bølling-Ållerød interstadial featured the entry of Tropical Surface Water (TSW), GCW, and CCW, linked with the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In the Younger Dryas, CCW dominated, transitioning to GCW as colder climatic conditions and more intense CCS. The Holocene displayed alternating periods of TSW and GCW, with a modern monsoon regime from 7,600 to 1,000 cal years BP. From 1,000 cal years BP to the present the ITCZ shifted to the south.</p

DataSheet2_Evolution of ocean circulation and water masses in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) during the last 31,000 years revealed by radiolarians and silicoflagellates in IODP expedition 385 sediment cores.xlsx

The high-resolution analysis of radiolarians and silicoflagellates in sediments from Holes U1545A and U1549A drilled during IODP Expedition 385 in the Guaymas Basin, in the Gulf of California provides detailed insights into the evolution of ocean circulation and water masses, and its relation to Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean climate conditions, over the past 31,000 cal years BP (based on AMS radiocarbon dates). In the pre-Last Glacial Maximum, the Guaymas Basin experienced alternating circulation patterns of California Current Water (CCW) and Gulf of California Water (GCW), with an extended presence of the Pacific Intermediate Water (PIW) owing to: amplified jet streams; southern movement of the California Current System (CCS) and the incursion of CCW into the gulf; and increased North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) formation. The Last Glacial Maximum witnessed the incursion of CCW due to the stronger CCS. The dominance of the PIW indicates the expansion and formation of NPIW. The Heinrich-I event as manifested in the core record, displays two distinct patterns, one suggesting GCW-like dominance and the other, the occurrence of CCW. The Bølling-Ållerød interstadial featured the entry of Tropical Surface Water (TSW), GCW, and CCW, linked with the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In the Younger Dryas, CCW dominated, transitioning to GCW as colder climatic conditions and more intense CCS. The Holocene displayed alternating periods of TSW and GCW, with a modern monsoon regime from 7,600 to 1,000 cal years BP. From 1,000 cal years BP to the present the ITCZ shifted to the south.</p

A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole

International audienceWe report discovery of a bright, nearby ($G = 13.8;\, \, d = 480\, \rm pc$) Sun-like star orbiting a dark object. We identified the system as a black hole candidate via its astrometric orbital solution from the Gaia mission. Radial velocities validated and refined the Gaia solution, and spectroscopy ruled out significant light contributions from another star. Joint modeling of radial velocities and astrometry constrains the companion mass to M2 = 9.62 ± 0.18 M⊙. The spectroscopic orbit alone sets a minimum companion mass of M2 > 5 M⊙; if the companion were a 5 M⊙ star, it would be 500 times more luminous than the entire system. These constraints are insensitive to the mass of the luminous star, which appears as a slowly-rotating G dwarf ($T_{\rm eff}=5850\, \rm K$, log g = 4.5, M = 0.93 M⊙), with near-solar metallicity ($\rm [Fe/H] = -0.2$) and an unremarkable abundance pattern. We find no plausible astrophysical scenario that can explain the orbit and does not involve a black hole. The orbital period, Porb = 185.6 days, is longer than that of any known stellar-mass black hole binary. The system's modest eccentricity (e = 0.45), high metallicity, and thin-disk Galactic orbit suggest that it was born in the Milky Way disk with at most a weak natal kick. How the system formed is uncertain. Common envelope evolution can only produce the system's wide orbit under extreme and likely unphysical assumptions. Formation models involving triples or dynamical assembly in an open cluster may be more promising. This is the nearest known black hole by a factor of 3, and its discovery suggests the existence of a sizable population of dormant black holes in binaries. Future Gaia releases will likely facilitate the discovery of dozens more