Genetic trends in the expected progeny difference of the asymptotic weight of Nelore females

There are few studies on weight covering the full life cycle of Zebu cattle, and there is no entire growth description or mean growth pattern for animals belonging to this breed. In order to provide such data, 1,158 Nelore females born between 1985 and 1995 were weighed 14,563 times from birth to full growth maturity, in ten herds spread over seven Brazilian states. The Von Bertalanffy, Brody, logistic and Gompertz non-linear models were used to obtain the asymptotic weights (A) and the maturation rates (K). The (co)variance and breeding value components for A and K were obtained by using the multiple trait derivative free restricted maximum likelihood method under the animal model. Genetic trends were calculated in function of the mean expected progeny differences (EPD) for the trait (A or K) divided by the number of animals according to their year of birth. The genetic trends of the expected progeny difference with reference to the date of birth of the cows were, on average, -6.5g y-1 for A and 2.0g y-1 for K, close to zero as confirmed by the low (0.0023 to 0.003) coefficient of regression values. The curve parameters are recommended as a selection criterion to reach precocity and avoid adult weight increase in the female herd

Influência das taxas de ganho de peso pré-desmame das vacas e do tipo de pastagem no período pós-parto sobre a eficiência biológica de vacas e de bezerros de corte Effects of different preweaning rates of body weight gain and type of pasture during the postpartum on biological efficiency of beef cows and calves

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência de duas taxas de ganho de peso de bezerras (baixa: 340 &plusmn; 32 g/dia ou moderada: 490 &plusmn; 29 g/dia) do nascimento aos 7 meses de idade e do tipo de pastagem no período pós-parto, quando vacas, sobre sua eficiência biológica e de seus bezerros até o desmame (aos 217 dias). Quando vacas e após o parto, os animais foram mantidos em pastagem nativa (PN) ou em pastagem cultivada (PC). Durante a lactação, vacas com baixa taxa de ganho de peso pré-desmame apresentaram maior produção de leite. Houve similaridade entre as taxas de ganho de peso baixa e moderada para a conversão de litros de leite (7,32 e 6,44 L/kg, respectivamente) e de kg de MS de leite produzido pelas vacas (1,00 e 0,86 kg/kg, respectivamente) em kg de ganho de peso dos bezerros; a exigência total de energia líquida para mantença (mantença + gestação + produção de leite) (TOTELm) (2.733,7 e 2.316,7 Mcal, respectivamente); TOTELm por kg de bezerro desmamado (14,7 e 14,7 Mcal/kg, respectivamente); e kg de bezerro desmamado por 100 kg de vaca ao desmame (42,0 e 38,7 kg/100 kg, respectivamente). No entanto, vacas com baixa taxa de ganho de peso pré-desmame desmamaram mais kg de bezerros por unidade de peso metabólico da vaca ao desmame (1,89 vs 1,73 kg/g).<br>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of different rates of weight gain (low: 340 &plusmn; 32 g/day or moderate: 490 &plusmn; 29 g/day) of heifers, from birth until seven months of age, and the type of pasture after calving, as cows, on the biologic efficiency of cows and their calves until weaning at 217 days. After calving, the animals were maintained on native pasture (NP) or cultivated pasture (CP). During lactation, cows with low preweaning rate of weight gain showed higher milk production. Similarity between low and moderate rates of weight gain was verified for conversion of litres of milk (7.32 and 6.44 L/kg, respectively) and kg of dry matter of milk produced by cows (1.00 and 0.86 kg/kg, respectively) into kg of calves weight gain, total requirements of net energy for maintenance (maintenance plus gestation plus milk production) of cows (TOTNEm) (2733.7 and 2316.7 Mcal, respectively), TOTNEm per kg of weaned calve (14.7 and 14.7 Mcal/kg, respectively) and kg of weaned calve per 100 kg of cow at weaning (42.0 and 38.7 kg/100 kg, respectively). However, cows with low preweaning rate of weight gain weaned more kg of calves per unit of cow metabolic weight at weaning (1.89 vs. 1.73 kg/g)