Padaczka w zaburzeniach rozwojowych kory mózgowej

Na podstawie opisu przypadków klinicznych autorzy przedstawili znaczenie wrodzonych anomalii rozwojowych kory mózgowej w etiologii najczęściej ciężkich, lekoopornych padaczek ogniskowych lub zespołów padaczkowych u dzieci. W artykule wykazano istotne związki zachodzące między epileptogenezą a procesem rozwoju cytoarchitektury mózgu, obejmującym neurogenezę, migrację neuronalną, kortykogenezę, synapsogenezę i mielinizację dróg nerwowych. Zrozumienie tych zależności stanowi istotny czynnik umożliwiający podejmowanie racjonalnych decyzji terapeutycznych, w tym również decyzji o leczeniu neurochirurgicznym

KOMÓRKI PROGENITOROWE ŚRÓDBŁONKA W NOWOTWORACH MIELOPROLIFERACYJNYCH – DONIESIENIA WSTĘPNE

The aim of this study was to assess the number of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET). The study involved 21 patients (mean age 61.77) with myeloproliferative neoplasms, hospitalized and diagnosed at the Hematology Clinic of Dr. J. Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Poland. M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s . The study group included 12 patients with ET, 5 with PV, 4 with CML. The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers, age- and sex- matched. The material for the study was venous blood collected from the elbow vein into tube containing K2EDTA. The number of endothelial progenitor cells was measured with FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, San Diego, USA) using monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens specific for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). R e s u l t s . We observed significantly increased number of EPCs in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in comparison to the control group. Detailed analysis showed slightly higher number of EPCs in patients with PV and ET than in the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. The highest statistically significant number of EPCs was observed in patients with CML. C o n c l u s i o n s . Increased number of EPCs in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms may indicate increased angiogenesis in these diseases and participation of EPCs in the process of neovascularization.Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena liczby i funkcji komórek progenitorowych śródbłonka w przewlekłej białaczce szpikowej (PBS), czerwienicy prawdziwej (CzP), nadpłytkowości samoistnej (NS). Badaniem objęto 21 pacjentów z nowotworami mieloproliferacyjnymi (średnia wieku 61,77), hospitalizowanych w Oddziale Klinicznym Hematologii i Chorób Rozrostowych Układu Krwiotwórczego Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego nr 2 im. Jana Biziela w Bydgoszczy. M a t e r i a ł i m e t o d y . Badania przeprowadzono u 12 chorych na ET, 4 chorych na CML i 5 chorych na PV. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 25 zdrowych ochotników. Materiałem do badań była krew pobrana w godzinach porannych z nakłucia żyły łokciowej do probówki zawierającej wersenian dwupotasowy (EDTA). Po inkubacji z odpowiednimi odczynnikami dokonana została analiza cytometryczna przy użyciu cytometru przepływowego FACS Calibur (Becton Dickinson, San Diego, USA) z zastosowaniem programu komputerowego CellQuest. Wy n i k i . U chorych na przewlekłe nowotwory mieloproliferacyjne stwierdzono istotnie statystyczną zwiększoną liczbę EPCs w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. U chorych z PV i ET stwierdzono nieznacznie zwiększoną liczbę EPCs w porównaniu do grupy kontrolnej, a różnica ta okazała się nieistotna statystycznie. Najwyższą liczbę EPCs stwierdzono u pacjentów z CML i różnica ta była istotna statystycznie. Wn i o s k i . Zwiększenie liczby EPCs w grupie chorych na przewlekłe nowotwory mieloproliferacyjne świadczy o aktywacji procesów angiogenezy w tych nowotworach i prawdopodobnie czynnym udziale tych komórek w procesie nowotworzenia naczyń

ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS – PRELIMINARY REPORT

The aim of this study was to assess the number of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET). The study involved 21 patients (mean age 61.77) with myeloproliferative neoplasms, hospitalized and diagnosed at the Hematology Clinic of Dr. J. Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Material and methods. The study group included 12 patients with ET, 5 with PV, 4 with CML. The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers, age- and sex- matched. The material for the study was venous blood collected from the elbow vein into tube containing K2EDTA. The number of endothelial progenitor cells was measured with FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, San Diego, USA) using monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens specific for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Results. We observed significantly increased number of EPCs in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in comparison to the control group. Detailed analysis showed slightly higher number of EPCs in patients with PV and ET than in the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. The highest statistically significant number of EPCs was observed in patients with CML. Conclusions. Increased number of EPCs in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms may indicate increased angiogenesis in these diseases and participation of EPCs in the process of neovascularization.Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena liczby i funkcji komórek progenitorowych śródbłonka w przewlekłej białaczce szpikowej (PBS), czerwienicy prawdziwej (CzP), nadpłytkowości samoistnej (NS). Badaniem objęto 21 pacjentów z nowotworami mieloproliferacyjnymi (średnia wieku 61,77), hospitalizowanych w Oddziale Klinicznym Hematologii i Chorób Rozrostowych Układu Krwiotwórczego Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego nr 2 im. Jana Biziela w Bydgoszczy. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono u 12 chorych na ET, 4 chorych na CML i 5 chorych na PV. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 25 zdrowych ochotników. Materiałem do badań była krew pobrana w godzinach porannych z nakłucia żyły łokciowej do probówki zawierającej wersenian dwupotasowy (EDTA). Po inkubacji z odpowiednimi odczynnikami dokonana została analiza cytometryczna przy użyciu cytometru przepływowego FACS Calibur (Becton Dickinson, San Diego, USA) z zastosowaniem programu komputerowego CellQuest. Wyniki. U chorych na przewlekłe nowotwory mieloproliferacyjne stwierdzono istotnie statystyczną zwiększoną liczbę EPCs w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. U chorych z PV i ET stwierdzono nieznacznie zwiększoną liczbę EPCs w porównaniu do grupy kontrolnej, a różnica ta okazała się nieistotna statystycznie. Najwyższą liczbę EPCs stwierdzono u pacjentów z CML i różnica ta była istotna statystycznie. Wnioski. Zwiększenie liczby EPCs w grupie chorych na przewlekłe nowotwory mieloproliferacyjne świadczy o aktywacji procesów angiogenezy w tych nowotworach i prawdopodobnie czynnym udziale tych komórek w procesie nowotworzenia naczyń

Breast cancer as a significant social problem

Background: This article is devoted to the topic of breast cancer, which is a very important and overlooked problem by many women. This cancer is the most common malignancy in women in developed countries. It also creates an increasing problem in developing countries and causes high mortality. Early diagnoses of neoplastic lesions and rapid implementation of therapy in most cases allow for successful treatment its prognosis. Self-control is very important, women should examine their breasts by palpation. Further research to diagnose breast cancer are: mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (USG), magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET) and microscopic examination. Material and Methods: In this article, it was analyzed by the latest literature on risk factors, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Articles were searched from PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Breast cancer risk factors have been shown to be early menstruation, high women's height, high body mass (especially fat content) and hyperinsulinaemia. In addition, genetic factors play an important role. Research also confirms that highly-used cleaners, and at their head, DDP (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) affect the formation of breast cancer. This is the third most common cause of death in women aged 60-85. In treatment, an individual approach to each patient is important. Older women individually discuss the methods of treatment with the doctor, because it gives beneficial results of therapy. Conclusions: Breast cancer has become a very important medical and social problem in older women. Mass media are needed to disseminate knowledge, topics related to treatment and to support the sick. In older women, treatment is more aggressive, and in addition to radiotherapy, a partial mastectomy is performed. Breast cancer is a tought term for woman’s in all age. It is related with fear and loss of self—confidence

PTOLEMAIS 200 YEARS AFTER THE BEECHEY BROTHERS, OR ON THE VALUE OF TRAVELLERS' RELATIONS FOR TODAY'S ARCHEOLOGY

In order to interpret the remains of Ptolemais - an important ancient city in Cyrenaica, it seems worthwhile to make use of a book by Frederick William Beechey and his brother, Henry William Beechey, who visited the site in the years 1821-1822

Inhibition of PCAF by Anacardic Acid Derivative Leads to Apoptosis and Breaks Resistance to DNA Damage in BCR-ABL-expressing Cells

Acetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins is a posttranslational modification which plays a major role in the regulation of intracellular processes involved in tumorigenesis. It was shown that different acetylation of proteins correlates with development of leukemia. It is proposed that histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are important novel drug targets for leukemia treatment, however data are still not consistent. Our previous data showed that a derivative of anacardic acid - small molecule MG153, which has been designed and synthesized to optimize the HAT inhibitory potency of anacardic acid, is a potent inhibitor of p300/CBP associated factor (PCAF) acetyltransferase. Here we ask whether inhibition of PCAF acetyltransferase with MG153 will show proapoptotic effects in cells expressing BCR-ABL, which show increased PCAF expression and are resistant to apoptosis. We found that inhibition of PCAF decreases proliferation and induces apoptosis, which correlates with loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. Importantly, cells expressing BCR-ABL are more sensitive to PCAF inhibition compared to parental cells without BCR-ABL. Moreover, inhibition of PCAF in BCR-ABL-expressing cells breaks their resistance to DNA damage-induced cell death. These findings provide direct evidence that targeting the PCAF alone or in combination with DNA-damaging drugs shows cytotoxic effects and should be considered as a prospective therapeutic strategy in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Moreover, we propose that anacardic acid derivative MG153 is a valuable agent and further studies validating its therapeutic relevance should be performed

Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: Strong Association with rs613872 Not Paralleled by Changes in Corneal Endothelial TCF4 mRNA Level

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common corneal endotheliopathy with a complex and heterogeneous genetic background. Different variants in the TCF4 gene have been strongly associated with the development of FECD. TCF4 encodes the E2-2 transcription factor but the link between the strong susceptibility locus and disease mechanism remains elusive. Here, we confirm a strong positive association between TCF4 single nucleotide polymorphism rs613872 and FECD in Polish patients (OR = 12.95, 95% CI: 8.63–19.42, χ2=189.5, p<0.0001). We show that TCF4 expression at the mRNA level in corneal endothelium (n=63) does not differ significantly between individuals with a particular TCF4 genotype. It is also not altered in FECD patients as compared to control samples. The data suggest that changes in the transcript level containing constitutive TCF4 exon encoding the amino-terminal part of the protein seem not to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, considering the strong association of TCF4 allelic variants with FECD, genotyping of TCF4 risk alleles may be important in the clinical practice

Proteomic changes of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-silenced porcine granulosa cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical compound contaminating the environment and affecting human/animal health and reproduction. Intracellular TCDD action usually involves the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of the current study was to examine TCDD-induced changes in the proteome of AhR-silenced porcine granulosa cells. The AhR-silenced cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h. Total protein was isolated, labeled with cyanines and next, the samples were separated by isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE. Proteins of interest were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and confirmed by western blotting and fluorescence immunocytochemistry. The AhR-targeted siRNA transfection reduced the granulosal expression level of AhR by 60-70%. In AhR-silenced porcine granulosa cells, TCDD influenced the abundance of only three proteins: annexin V, protein disulfide isomerase and ATP synthase subunit beta. The obtained results revealed the ability of TCDD to alter protein abundance in an AhR-independent manner. This study offers a new insight into the mechanism of TCDD action and provide directions for future functional studies focused on molecular effects exerted by TCDD