Studies on the Inhibitory Action of Sugar and Polyatomic Alcohol for the Heat-inactivation of Com­plement

1) When guinea pig serum was warmed at about 65°C, part of its protein became denatured resulting in the formation of a colloidal component C, which has approximately the same electrophoretic mobility as that of &#945;-globulin. 2) The electrophoretic examination shows that the serum heated at 65°C after adding the glucose is devoid of colloidal component C. 3) The inhibitory action of sugar and polyatomic alcohol on the heat inactivation of complement is galactose&#62; saccharose &#62; glucose&#62; sorbit &#62; mannit &#62; glycocoll&#62; glycerin in descending order. The inhibitory action of sugar and poly atomic alcohol on molecular aggregation by heating is of the same order as complement activity.</p

One Point Method for the Assay of the Alternative Complement Pathway Hemolysis in Rats

One point method to assay the functional activity of alternative complement pathway (AP50) was performed using rats sera. As the titration of CH50 or AP50 to see the activity of complement system with ordinary method needs at least 0.1 ml of serum, experiments with small animals find difficulties to assay CH50 and AP50 at the same time. The method in this report is a modification of one point method for CH50, and instrumental in the case of experiments with small animals

The Fate in Guinea-Pigs of Intraven-ously Injected I131-&#947;-Globulin

1) The fate and rate of degradation of I131 labelled rabbit &#947;-globulin, which retained its native antigenicity and antibody specificity was studied in the guinea-pigs. 2) Blood elimination rate of heterologous &#947;-globulin is higher than that of homologous &#947;-globulin. 3) Denatured and digested &#947;-globulin departs from the blood more rapidly than the native one, and urinary excretion rates of denaturated and digested &#947;-globulin are higher than that of the native one. It is inferred, therefore, that the denatured and digested &#947;-globnlin is more liable to be resolved and decomposed in the reticulo-endothelial organs than the native one. And the value obtained from the urinary excretion reflects the rate of protein break down in some cellular compartments. 4) Following the plasmaphresis the increase in antigen elimination was lessened and delayed as compared with control animals. 5) The organ distribution of heterologous I131-&#947;-globulin is to the lymphnode&#62; the spleen&#62; the liver&#62; the lung&#62; the kidney&#62; the intestine in descending order. Heterologous I 131 -&#947;- globulin is deposited in greater quantity in the reticulo-enclotherial organ than other single organ. 6) Following the intravenous injection of I131 labelled antigens, the ratio of the specific activity of mitochondria and microsom to that of whole liver homogenate was determined over a period from 15 minutes to 3 hours in guinea-pigs, and following results were obtained. a) Organ and intracellular distribution of Il3l labelled homologous &#947;-globulin shows no great difference compared to that of heterologous one. b) The intracellular distribution of heterologous &#947;-globulin is in mitochondrial&#62; microsomal&#62; nuclear fraction in descending order. c) The heterologous &#947;-globulin quantity of mitochondrial fraction or microsomal fraction in the spleen is higher than that of the liver. 7) The antibody distribution of intracellular glanules measured in terms of radioactivity with a Geiger-Muller counter, after the reaction of I131 labelled antigen. The quantity of distribution of intracellular glanules decreases in mitochondrial fraction&#62; microsomal fraction&#62; nuclear fraction in descending order.</p

In Vivo Effects of Cadmium Acetate on Rat Complement

Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally or intravenously with various doses of cadmium acetate (i.p.: 1 mg, 2 mg or 4 mg Cd/kg body weight, i.v.: 1 mg, 2 mg or 3 mg Cd/kg body weight). Twenty-four hours following the injection, functional activities of the classical (CH50) and alternative complement pathways (APCH50), and the complement component C3 concentrations in the sera were significantly reduced in the Cd-treated rats. Histopathological examinations of the livers and kidneys, as well as laboratory tests for serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN), revealed that cadmium acetate induced moderate to severe hepatic injury depending on the dose administered, whereas kidney lesions were less evident

Influence of Ethanol Pretreatment on Serum Complement Levels in Rats Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride

Pretreating male Wistar rats with a single oral dose (6ml/kg) of ethanol clearly potentiated the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity (0.2 ml/kg ip), as shown by the elevated SGOT and SGPT levels, or histopathological observation of the liver sections. Serum hemolytic complement (CH50) and C3 levels were slightly reduced by the administration of CC14, but significantly reduced when rats were treated with ethanol 18 hours prior to CC14 administration

Bipyridyl-substituted benzo[1,2,3]triazoles as a thermally stable electron transporting material for organic light-emitting devices

We developed new electron-transporting materials (ETMs) for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on benzo[1,2,3] triazole and two bipyridines. Four derivatives based on the same skeleton were synthesized with four different substituents: phenyl (BpyBTAZ-Ph), biphenyl (-BP), m-terphenyl (-mTP), and o-terphenyl (-oTP). These BpyBTAZ compounds have good thermal stabilities, and their decomposition temperatures were greater than 410 degrees C, which is significantly higher than that of tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminium (Alq), the conventional OLED material. BpyBTAZ compounds show preferable amorphous nature, and moreover, the glass transition temperatures (T(g)s) of both BpyBTAZ-TP compounds exceed 100 degrees C. Furthermore, BpyBTAZ-BP exhibits no melting point and is fully amorphous. The electron affinities of the materials are as large as 3.3 eV and their electron mobility is sufficiently high. These characteristics accounted for a reduction in the operational voltage of OLEDs with BpyBTAZ compounds compared with the reference device with Alq as an ETM. Specifically, the electron mobility of all the BpyBTAZ compounds exceeds 1 x 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at an electric field of 1 MV cm(-1). In addition, it was revealed that both BpyBTAZ-TP-based devices showed longer luminous lifetimes and smaller voltage increases during continuous operation at 50 mA cm(-2), compared with the Alq reference device.ArticleJOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. 21(32):11791-11799 (2011)journal articl

Isokinetic analysis of ankle and ground reaction forces in runners and triathletes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the vertical component of ground reaction forces and isokinetic muscle parameters for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle between long-distance runners, triathletes, and nonathletes. METHODS: Seventy-five males with a mean age of 30.26 (±6.5) years were divided into three groups: a triathlete group (n=26), a long-distance runner group (n = 23), and a non-athlete control group. The kinetic parameters were measured during running using a force platform, and the isokinetic parameters were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The non-athlete control group and the triathlete group exhibited smaller vertical forces, a greater ground contact time, and a greater application of force during maximum vertical acceleration than the long-distance runner group. The total work (180º/s) was greater in eccentric dorsiflexion and concentric plantar flexion for the non-athlete control group and the triathlete group than the long-distance runner group. The peak torque (60º/s) was greater in eccentric plantar flexion and concentric dorsiflexion for the control group than the athlete groups. CONCLUSIONS: The athlete groups exhibited less muscle strength and resistance than the control group, and the triathletes exhibited less impact and better endurance performance than the runners

Isokinetic analysis of ankle and ground reaction forces in runners and triathletes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the vertical component of ground reaction forces and isokinetic muscle parameters for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle between long-distance runners, triathletes, and nonathletes. METHODS: Seventy-five males with a mean age of 30.26 (±6.5) years were divided into three groups: a triathlete group (n=26), a long-distance runner group (n = 23), and a non-athlete control group. The kinetic parameters were measured during running using a force platform, and the isokinetic parameters were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The non-athlete control group and the triathlete group exhibited smaller vertical forces, a greater ground contact time, and a greater application of force during maximum vertical acceleration than the long-distance runner group. The total work (180º/s) was greater in eccentric dorsiflexion and concentric plantar flexion for the non-athlete control group and the triathlete group than the long-distance runner group. The peak torque (60º/s) was greater in eccentric plantar flexion and concentric dorsiflexion for the control group than the athlete groups. CONCLUSIONS: The athlete groups exhibited less muscle strength and resistance than the control group, and the triathletes exhibited less impact and better endurance performance than the runners