Magnetoresistance in Sn-Doped In2O3Nanowires

In this work, we present transport measurements of individual Sn-doped In2O3nanowires as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The results showed a localized character of the resistivity at low temperatures as evidenced by the presence of a negative temperature coefficient resistance in temperatures lower than 77 K. The weak localization was pointed as the mechanism responsible by the negative temperature coefficient of the resistance at low temperatures

Brain Performance versus Phase Transitions

We here illustrate how a well-founded study of the brain may originate in assuming analogies with phase-transition phenomena. Analyzing to what extent a weak signal endures in noisy environments, we identify the underlying mechanisms, and it results a description of how the excitability associated to (non-equilibrium) phase changes and criticality optimizes the processing of the signal. Our setting is a network of integrate-and-fire nodes in which connections are heterogeneous with rapid time-varying intensities mimicking fatigue and potentiation. Emergence then becomes quite robust against wiring topology modification—in fact, we considered from a fully connected network to the Homo sapiens connectome—showing the essential role of synaptic flickering on computations. We also suggest how to experimentally disclose significant changes during actual brain operation.The authors acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project FIS2013-43201-P

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Topical Levobupivacaine Efficacy in Pain Control after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

WOS: 000330515100022PubMed: 24005134Objective. The aim of this study was to find out the efficacy of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge (Merocel Kennedy; Medtronic Xomed, Jacksonville, Florida) sinus pack soaked with levobupivacaine hydrochloride to control postoperative pain and analgesic need following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Study Design. The study was designed as a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Forty-one patients who underwent FESS were included in the analysis. Setting. A tertiary referral hospital in Turkey. Materials and Methods. Patients who underwent FESS were divided into 2 groups. The PVA sponge sinus packs were soaked with 5 mL of levobupivacaine hydrochloride (chirocaine 25 mg/10 mL; Abbott, Nycomed Pharma AS, Elverum, Norway) in group I and with 5 mL of saline in group II. Main Outcome Measures. Postoperative pain levels were recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS score, 0-100) at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Results. There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists status. Postoperative VAS values at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 8, 12, and 24 hours were significantly lower in group I than in group II (P < .05). Supplemental analgesia amount was significantly lower in group I than in group II (P = .003). Conclusion. Using levobupivacaine-soaked PVA sponge sinus packs after FESS is an effective, easy, and quick method to control postoperative pain, and it improves patient comfort and tolerability