Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a novel trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Copaifera langsdorffii

A novel trypsin inhibitor isolated from seeds of Copaifera langsdorffii was purified to homogeneity and crystallized. Crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were grown using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 291 K in sodium acetate buffer at pH values near 4.3 using PEG 4000 as precipitant. The crystals presented symmetry compatible with the space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 58.71, c = 93.75 Angstrom, and diffracted to 1.83 Angstrom resolution at the synchrotron source.5791316131

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: A cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In adults, there is a substantial body of evidence that physical inactivity or low cardiorespiratory fitness levels are strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Although this association has been studied extensively in adults, little is known regarding this association in adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness levels with metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A random sample of 223 girls (mean age, 14.4 ± 1.6 years) and 233 boys (mean age, 14.6 ± 1.6 years) was selected for the study. The level of physical activity was determined by the Bouchard three-day physical activity record. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated by the Leger 20-meter shuttle run test. The metabolic syndrome components assessed included waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose levels. Independent Student <it>t</it>-tests were used to assess gender differences. The associations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with the presence of metabolic syndrome were calculated using logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A high prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in inactive adolescents (males, 11.4%; females, 7.2%) and adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels (males, 13.9%; females, 8.6%). A significant relationship existed between metabolic syndrome and low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR, 3.0 [1.13-7.94]).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among adolescents who are inactive and those with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Prevention strategies for metabolic syndrome should concentrate on enhancing fitness levels early in life.</p

The influence of isotonic exercise on cardiac-hypertrophy in arterial-hypertension - impact on cardiac-function and on the capacity for aerobic work

Intense physical training through isotonic exercises has controversial effects in individuals with moderate to severe hypertension, in this study, normotensive Wistar rats and rats with renovascular hypertension (Goldblatt II) were subjected to intense physical exercise involving two 50-min swimming sessions per day for a period of 12 weeks, At the end of the study, we evaluated the effect of training on arterial pressure, the capacity for aerobic work and cardiac function. Our results demonstrate that intense physical training has no effect on the arterial blood pressure of normotensive rats or of animals with moderate renovascular hypertension, Hypertensive animals with cardiac hypertrophy require a greater period of training in order to attain the same capacity for aerobic work as normotensive rats. This difference may result from an inability of the former animals to increase cardiac compliance, thereby impeding more extensive usage of the Frank-Starling mechanism to subsequently increase the systolic cardiac performance, Cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise did not summate with that induced by arterial hypertension, Physical exercise normalized the end-diastolic left ventricular pressure in hypertensive animals without any corresponding increase in the compliance of the chamber, the first derivative of left ventricular pulse pressure (+/-dP/dt) was greater in the hypertensive trained group than in the hypertensive sedentary rats, These observations suggest that a systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle involving an elevated residual volume secondary to arterial hypertension may be corrected by physical exercise such as swimming.ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT CARDIOL,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT NEPHROL,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT EXERCISE PHYSIOL,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT CARDIOL,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT NEPHROL,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT EXERCISE PHYSIOL,São Paulo,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Childhood depression: a systematic review

N&aacute;dia Nara Rolim Lima,1 V&acirc;nia Barbosa do Nascimento,1 Sionara Melo Figueiredo de Carvalho,1 Luiz Carlos de Abreu,1,3 Modesto Leite Rolim Neto,2 Aline Quental Brasil,2 Francisco Tel&eacute;sforo Celestino Junior,2 Gislene Farias de Oliveira,2 Alberto Olavo Adv&iacute;ncula Reis3 1Programa de P&oacute;s-gradua&ccedil;&atilde;o em Ci&ecirc;ncias da Sa&uacute;de, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Andr&eacute;, S&atilde;o Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Cear&aacute;, UFC, Barbalha, Cear&aacute;, Brazil; 3Departamento de Sa&uacute;de Materno Infantil, Faculdade de Sa&uacute;de P&uacute;blica, Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, Brazil Abstract: As an important public health issue, childhood depression deserves special attention, considering the serious and lasting consequences of the disease to child development. Taking this into consideration, the present study was based on the following question: what practical contributions to clinicians and researchers does the current literature on childhood depression have to offer? The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of articles regarding childhood depression. To accomplish this purpose, a systematic review of articles on childhood depression, published from January 1, 2010 to November 24, 2012, on MEDLINE and SciELO databases was carried out. Search terms were &ldquo;depression&rdquo; (medical subject headings [MeSH]), &ldquo;child&rdquo; (MeSH), and "childhood depression" (keyword). Of the 180 retrieved studies, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Retrieved studies covered a wide range of aspects regarding childhood depression, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis. Recent scientific literature regarding childhood depression converge to, directly or indirectly, highlight the negative impacts of depressive disorders to the children&#39;s quality of life. Unfortunately, the retrieved studies show that childhood depression commonly grows in a background of vulnerability and poverty, where individual and familiar needs concerning childhood depression are not always taken into consideration. In this context, this review demonstrated that childhood-onset depression commonly leads to other psychiatric disorders and co-morbidities. Many of the retrieved studies also confirmed the hypothesis that human resources (eg, health care team in general) are not yet adequately trained to address childhood depression. Thus, further research on the development of programs to prepare health care professionals to deal with childhood depression is needed, as well as complementary studies, with larger and more homogeneous samples, centered on prevention and treatment of childhood depression. Keywords: child, depression, depressive disorder, mental health, mental disorder

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana: casuística hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro American tegumentary Leishmaniasis: hospitalized cases in Rio de Janeiro

FUNDAMENTOS: A leishmaniose tegumentar americana distribui-se amplamente no Brasil, e o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (capital e interior) constitui área endêmica onde o vetor é encontrado dentro e ao redor das habitações. OBJETIVOS: Análise prospectiva de 48 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/UFRJ, no período de 1990 a 2002. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia de pele ou mucosa, teste de Montenegro e exame otorrinolaringológico; SbV (10 a 20mg/kg), no total de 10, 30 e 90 doses. foi empregado em 44 pacientes; em quatro casos, anfotericina B (0,5mg/kg/dose) até dose cumulativa de 30mg/kg. RESULTADOS: 28 homens e 20 mulheres na faixa etária de 10 a 89 anos, dos quais 38 (79,1%) infectados no Rio de Janeiro, apresentaram úlcera de membro inferior e comprometimento de mucosa nasal como manifestações mais freqüentes; 41 casos (85,4%) foram reatores à intradermorreação de Montenegro (5mm); 17 casos (35,4%) foram positivos para o achado de amastigotas em macrófagos no infiltrado inflamatório dérmico; predominou o processo inflamatório crônico granulomatoso; cura clínica foi observada em 47 casos; um caso evoluiu para óbito no décimo dia de tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo da leishmaniose tegumentar (HUCFF/UFRJ) no período 1990/2002 evidenciou padrão conhecido nos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e de resposta terapêutica ao antimonial (SbV) e anfotericina B.<br>BACKGROUND: American tegumentary Leishmaniasis is widely found in Brazil; the state of Rio de Janeiro (capital and hinterland) is an endemic area where the vector is found inside and outside houses. OBJECTIVES: prospective study of 48 cases attended at the Teaching Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho - UFRJ, between 1990 - 2002. METHODS: All patients were submitted to skin or mucosa biopsy, Montenegro skin test and otorhinolaryngologic examination; SbV (10 - 20 mg/kg) with 10, 30 and 90 doses was used in 44 patients; in 4 cases, Amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg/dose) until cumulative dosage of 30 - 50 mg/kg. RESULTS: 28 males and 20 females aged 10 - 89 years mostly infected in Rio de Janeiro (38 cases/79.1%) mainly presented ulcers in the extremities and involvement of nasal mucosa; 41 cases (85.4%) were reactive to the Montenegro skin test (5 mm); 17 cases (35.4%) were positive for amastigotes in tissue sections; an inflammatory chronic granulomatous process was mostly seen. Clinical cure was observed in 47 cases; one patient died on day 10 of treatment. CONCLUSION: The study of American tegumentary Leishmaniasis (HUCFF - UFRJ) from 1990-2002 showed a well-known "status" considering epidemiological and clinical perspectives as well as therapeutic response to antimony (SbV) and amphotericin B