6 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
An integrated bioprocess to recover bovine milk oligosaccharides from colostrum whey permeate
A major challenge in isolating oligosaccharides from dairy streams is to enrich oligosaccharides while simultaneously reducing the content of simple sugars (mono- and disaccharides) that do not possess the desired prebiotic functions. An integrated approach based on optimized conditions that favor maximum lactose hydrolysis, monosaccharide fermentation and oligosaccharides recovery by nanofiltration was developed. Upon complete lactose hydrolysis and fermentation of the monosaccharides by yeast, nanofiltration of fermented whey permeate from colostrum enabled the recovery of 95% of the oligosaccharides at high purity. While the number of commercially available standards has limited the quantification of only a few sialylated oligosaccharides, the application of both high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometry provided a complete profile of the final product. Approximately 85% of the oligosaccharides in the final concentrate were sialylated, with the remainder being neutral
Recommended from our members
Purification of caprine oligosaccharides at pilot-scale
The purification of caprine milk oligosaccharides (COS) by membrane filtration has been hampered by the low concentration of target COS and high concentration of lactose. In addition, their molecular weight proximity hinders the recovery of a COS fraction with high degree of purity and recovery yield. In this work, the recovery of a high purity COS concentrate was obtained by the optimization of an integrated approach including complete lactose hydrolysis, fermentation of the resulting monosaccharides and nanofiltration. All carbohydrates were quantified using High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC PAD). Defatted goat whey was ultrafiltered with discontinuous diafiltrations to increase the recovery of COS in the whey permeate which was then subsequently concentrated by nanofiltration. COS recovery yields of 75% with negligible amounts of monosaccharides (0.3% of the initial amount of lactose in the whey permeate) were achieved. A final retentate containing 67.6 and 34.4% of acidic and neutral oligosaccharides respectively was obtained from caprine milk
Prediction of Microporosity in Complex Thin-Wall Castings with the Dimensionless Niyama Criterion
Patterns of migration and risks associated with leprosy\ud among migrants in MaranhĂŁo, Brazil
Leprosy remains a public health problem in Brazil with new case incidence exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) goals in endemic clusters throughout the country. Migration can facilitate movement of disease between endemic and non-endemic areas, and has been considered a possible factor in continued leprosy incidence in Brazil. A study was conducted to investigate migration as a risk factor for leprosy. The study had three aims: (1) examine past five year migration as a risk factor for leprosy, (2) describe and compare geographic and temporal patterns of migration among past 5-year migrants with leprosy and a control group, and (3) examine social determinants of health associated with leprosy among past 5-year migrants. The study implemented a matched case-control design and analysis comparing individuals newly diagnosed with leprosy (n = 340) and a clinically unapparent control group (n = 340) without clinical signs of leprosy, matched for age, sex and location in four endemic municipalities in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Fishers exact test was used to conduct bivariate analyses. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to control for possible confounding variables. Eighty cases (23.5%) migrated 5-years prior to diagnosis, and 55 controls (16.2%) migrated 5-years prior to the corresponding case diagnosis. Past 5 year migration was found to be associated with leprosy (OR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.07–2.38; p = 0.02), and remained significantly associated with leprosy after controlling for leprosy contact in the family, household, and family/household contact. Poverty, as well as leprosy contact in the family, household and other leprosy contact, was associated with leprosy among past 5-year migrants in the bivariate analysis. Alcohol consumption was also associated with leprosy, a relevant risk factor in susceptibility to infection that should be explored in future research. Our findings provide insight into patterns of migration to localize focused control efforts in endemic areas with high population mobility