The association of Social Anxiety Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder and reproduction: Results from four nationally representative samples of adults in the USA.

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent and frequently co-occur. The results of population studies suggest that SAD tends to precede AUD, and the results of laboratory studies suggest that alcohol use facilitates social behaviors in socially anxious individuals. Therefore, we posited that, in a modern context, a tendency to consume alcohol may be positively selected for among socially anxious individuals by its effect on the likelihood of finding a partner and reproducing. We tested the hypothesis that a higher proportion of individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of SAD and AUD reproduce (i.e., have at least one child) relative to individuals with SAD absent AUD in an individual participant meta-analysis based on over 65,000 adults derived from four nationally representative cross-sectional samples. We then cross-validated these findings against the results of a 10-year follow up of one of these surveys. Lifetime history of SAD was not associated with reproduction whereas lifetime history of AUD was positively associated with reproduction. There was no statistically detectable difference in the proportion of individuals with a lifetime history of SAD with or without AUD who reproduced. There was considerable heterogeneity in all of the analyses involving SAD, suggesting that there are likely to be other pertinent variables relating to SAD and reproduction that should be delineated

Metagenomics reveals sediment microbial community response to Deepwater Horizon oil spill

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the spring of 2010 resulted in an input of ∼4.1 million barrels of oil to the Gulf of Mexico; >22% of this oil is unaccounted for, with unknown environmental consequences. Here we investigated the impact of oil deposition on microbial communities in surface sediments collected at 64 sites by targeted sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 14 of these samples and mineralization experiments using (14)C-labeled model substrates. The 16S rRNA gene data indicated that the most heavily oil-impacted sediments were enriched in an uncultured Gammaproteobacterium and a Colwellia species, both of which were highly similar to sequences in the DWH deep-sea hydrocarbon plume. The primary drivers in structuring the microbial community were nitrogen and hydrocarbons. Annotation of unassembled metagenomic data revealed the most abundant hydrocarbon degradation pathway encoded genes involved in degrading aliphatic and simple aromatics via butane monooxygenase. The activity of key hydrocarbon degradation pathways by sediment microbes was confirmed by determining the mineralization of (14)C-labeled model substrates in the following order: propylene glycol, dodecane, toluene and phenanthrene. Further, analysis of metagenomic sequence data revealed an increase in abundance of genes involved in denitrification pathways in samples that exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s benchmarks for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared with those that did not. Importantly, these data demonstrate that the indigenous sediment microbiota contributed an important ecosystem service for remediation of oil in the Gulf. However, PAHs were more recalcitrant to degradation, and their persistence could have deleterious impacts on the sediment ecosystem

A Novel Protein Kinase-Like Domain in a Selenoprotein, Widespread in the Tree of Life

Selenoproteins serve important functions in many organisms, usually providing essential oxidoreductase enzymatic activity, often for defense against toxic xenobiotic substances. Most eukaryotic genomes possess a small number of these proteins, usually not more than 20. Selenoproteins belong to various structural classes, often related to oxidoreductase function, yet a few of them are completely uncharacterised

Análisis cualitativo de la viabilidad de los programas de prevención de la enfermedad y promoción de la salud en contextos de pobreza

“Análisis Cualitativo de la viabilidad de los programas de prevención de la enfermedad y promoción de la salud, en contextos de pobreza”, es una investigación realizada en la Unidad Primaria D Atención Emaus, ubicada en la localidad de Engativá, distrito capital Bogotá, que emplea los métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de forma complementaria, para demostrar que tres programas de prevención de la enfermedad y promoción de la salud, (nutrición, salud oral y salud sexual y reproductiva), implican un gasto elevado para los hogares que asisten a las capacitaciones brindadas por estos programas. En consecuencia, tales programas no conseguirían el objetivo para el que fueron formulados, de acuerdo con las conclusiones emanadas de este estudio. Basándose en los resultados obtenidos, se empleó el materialismo dialéctico para dirigir una crítica a las nociones neoclásicas que sustentan tales programas que son aceptadas en primera instancia en este trabajo para posteriormente señalar sus contradicciones y limitaciones. / Abstract. “Qualitative analysis of the viability of the programs of prevention of the disease and promotion of the health, in poverty contexts”, is an investigation realised in Primary Unit D Emaus Attention, located in the locality of Engativá, capital district Bogota, that uses the qualitative and quantitative methods of complementary form, to demonstrate that three programs of prevention of the disease and promotion of the health, (nutrition, oral health and sexual and reproductive health), imply a cost lifted for the homes that attend the qualifications offered by these programs. Consequently, such programs would not secure the objective for which they were formulated, in agreement with the emanated conclusions of this study. Being based on the obtained results, the dialectic materialism was used to direct a critic to the neoclassic slight knowledge that sustain such programs that are accepted in first instance in this work later to indicate to their contradictions and limitations.Maestrí