A Tale of Two Towns: The Significance of a School to a Rural Community

This manuscript examines the current health and vitality of two rural communities with similar beginnings but contrasting present day circumstances. The two towns have existed alongside one another, only 5 miles apart, for well over 100 years. The writer explores a variety of circumstances for each community that appear to have been set in place by a series of events over a span of several decades. The decisions and occurances, and respective outcome,may have become \u27tipping points\u27 that impacted, or more so, determined a set of identifiable contemporary outcomes

Le Français médiéval par les textes: anthologie commentée. Sous la direction de Joëlle Ducos, Olivier Soutet et Jean-René Valette. (Champion Classiques; Références et dictionnaires, 11). Paris: Honoré Champion, 2016. 464 pp.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from OUP via the DOI in this recordThis review article offers an assessment of the utility of a recently-published anthology of medieval French texts, considering its value both to researchers and to students

Providing antiretroviral care in conflict settings.

There has been an historic expectation that delivering combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to populations affected by violent conflict is untenable due to population movement and separation of drug supplies. There is now emerging evidence that cART provision can be successful in these populations. Using examples from Médecins Sans Frontières experience in a variety of African settings and also local nongovernmental organizations' experiences in northern Uganda, we examine novel approaches that have ensured retention in programs and adequate adherence. Emerging guidelines from United Nations bodies now support the expansion of cART in settings of conflict

U.S. Federal Government Telework Management Strategies

The Telework Enhancement Act of 2010 dramatically increased teleworking opportunities for federal employees. The increase in the number of teleworking employees presented numerous challenges for federal managers attempting to establish social networks, teamwork, and organizational commitment for their employees. This study used the case study design with a socio-technical conceptual framework as the basis to explore the strategies managers used. Data were collected via semistructured interviews with federal managers of teleworkers located in the Midwest region of the United States. A coding strategy was employed to organize the transcripts from the interviews into themes, and methodological triangulation was utilized by comparing the interview data with data from federal teleworking documents. From these analyses, 10 themes emerged: group meetings, knowledge-sharing networks, management of teleworkers, teleworker agreements, teleworker equipment, challenge of team building, telework as a reward, limitation on days teleworked, training, and flexibility of teleworkers. Managers incorporating these themes into best practices could have the tools and strategies to effectively implement and manage teleworking programs by helping to improve organizational commitment, teamwork, and socialization. The strategies could also help alleviate the isolation that some federal teleworkers experience. Widespread adoption of these strategies by managers could lead to increased teleworking opportunities for employees, thereby saving energy, reducing greenhouse gases, and reducing traffic congestion

Mental Stimulus Causing Mental Disability: Compensability Under the Pennsylvania Workmen\u27s Compensation Act

Section 301(a) of the Pennsylvania Workmen\u27s Compensation Act, which provides that employers shall be liable for injuries or death of employees, has increasingly been interpreted to include disability stemming from emotional stress alleged to be work-related. The author examines the complex issues involved in determining whether such disability should rightly be considered an injury, and thus compensable, under the Act. After a general discussion of the policy motivations behind workmen\u27s compensation programs, the author turns to the inherent problem of proving the causative agents of mental disability. Following this discussion, the author conducts a survey of recent commonwealth court decisions which deal with this form of disability. In conclusion, the author recommends a specific standard that should be applied in emotional stress cases which would work to prudently limit claims in this developing area

Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Tenth Amendment - State Immunity - Labor Relations

The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has held that the operation of a mass transit system is not among those functions traditionally performed by state and local governments so as to prevent application of the Fair Labor Standards Act to bus operators employed by a publicly operated transit system. Kramer v. New Castle Area Transit Authority, 677 F.2d 308 (3d Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 103 S. Ct. 786 (1983)

Health food store recommendations: implications for breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Many breast cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We aimed to determine what advice health food store employees present to individuals seeking treatment options for breast cancer. METHODS: Eight data gatherers asked employees of all retail health food stores in a major Canadian city, what they recommended for a patient with breast cancer. The data gatherers inquired about product safety, potential drug interactions, costs and efficacy. They also enquired about employee training related to the products. RESULTS: Thirty-four stores were examined. A total of 33 different products were recommended, none of which are supported by sufficient evidence of efficacy. The average cost of the products they recommended was $58.09 (CAD) (minimum$5.28, median $32.99, maximum$600) per month. Twenty-three employees (68%) did not ask whether the patient took prescription medications. Fifteen employees (44%) recommended visiting a healthcare professional (naturopaths (9), physicians (5), nutritionists (1). Three employees (8.8%) discussed potential adverse effects of the products. Eight employees (23.5%) discussed the potential for drug interactions. Two employees (5.9%) suggested a possible cure with the products and one employee (2.9%) suggested discontinuing Tamoxifen. Four employees (11.8%) recommended lifestyle changes and three employees (8.8%) recommended books for further reading on the products. CONCLUSION: This study draws attention to the heterogeneity of advice provided by natural health food stores to individuals seeking treatments for breast cancer, and the safety and cost implications of some of the products recommended. Physicians should enquire carefully about the use of natural health food products by patients with breast cancer. Regulators need to consider regulations to protect vulnerable patients from incurring significant costs in their purchasing of natural health food products lacking evidence of benefit and of questionable safety