5,969 research outputs found
Collapse of Primordial Clouds
We present here studies of collapse of purely baryonic Population III objects
with masses ranging from to . A spherical Lagrangian
hydrodynamic code has been written to study the formation and evolution of the
primordial clouds, from the beginning of the recombination era () until the redshift when the collapse occurs. All the relevant processes
are included in the calculations, as well as, the expansion of the Universe. As
initial condition we take different values for the Hubble constant and for the
baryonic density parameter (considering however a purely baryonic Universe), as
well as different density perturbation spectra, in order to see their influence
on the behavior of the Population III objects evolution. We find, for example,
that the first mass that collapses is for ,
and with the mass scale . For
we obtain for the first
mass that collapses. The cooling-heating and photon drag processes have a key
role in the collapse of the clouds and in their thermal history. Our results
show, for example, that when we disregard the Compton cooling-heating, the
collapse of the objects with masses occurs earlier. On
the other hand, disregarding the photon drag process, the collapse occurs at a
higher redshift.Comment: 10 pages, MN plain TeX macros v1.6 file, 9 PS figures. Also available
at http://www.iagusp.usp.br/~oswaldo (click "OPTIONS" and then "ARTICLES").
MNRAS in pres
Collapse of Primordial Clouds II. The Role of Dark Matter
In this article we extend the study performed in our previous article on the
collapse of primordial objects. We here analyze the behavior of the physical
parameters for clouds ranging from to . We
studied the dynamical evolution of these clouds in two ways: purely baryonic
clouds and clouds with non-baryonic dark matter included. We start the
calculations at the beginning of the recombination era, following the evolution
of the structure until the collapse (that we defined as the time when the
density contrast of the baryonic matter is greater than ). We analyze the
behavior of the several physical parameters of the clouds (as, e.g., the
density contrast and the velocities of the baryonic matter and the dark matter)
as a function of time and radial position in the cloud. In this study all
physical processes that are relevant to the dynamical evolution of the
primordial clouds, as for example photon-drag (due to the cosmic background
radiation), hydrogen molecular production, besides the expansion of the
Universe, are included in the calculations. In particular we find that the
clouds, with dark matter, collapse at higher redshift when we compare the
results with the purely baryonic models. As a general result we find that the
distribution of the non-baryonic dark matter is more concentrated than the
baryonic one. It is important to stress that we do not take into account the
putative virialization of the non-baryonic dark matter, we just follow the time
and spatial evolution of the cloud solving its hydrodynamical equations. We
studied also the role of the cooling-heating processes in the purely baryonic
clouds.Comment: 8 pages, MN plain TeX macros v1.6 file, 13 PS figures. Also available
at http://www.iagusp.usp.br/~oswaldo (click "OPTIONS" and then "ARTICLES").
MNRAS in pres
Obtenção de plântulas de híbridos de dendezeiro por cultivo in vitro.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo aplicar técnicas de cultura de tecidos em diferentes híbridos de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) para a conversão in vitro de embriões zigóticos em plântulas para produção de mudasviáveis para serem disponibilizadas no Estado do Pará. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém-PA. A metodologia foi a aplicação de práticas assépticas de isolamento embrionário, cultura de embriões, conversão em plântulas e aclimatação destas. Dezessete híbridos foram submetidos a desinfestação e assepsia, com posterior inoculação nos meios de cultura MS, ½ MS, Y3 e ½ Y3. Os frascos inoculados foram dispostos em sala de cultivo sob fotoperíodo de 16 h luz dia-1, com intensidade luminosa de 25 μmol s-1 e temperatura de 25±3 °C. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em fatorial 3 x 4. Após avaliação da germinação e crescimento dos embriões, quanto à oxidação os genótipos CN 470, nos tratamentos MS e 1/2 Y3 não apresentaram oxidação, e esta apresentou-se mais adequada para o desenvolvimento do comprimento de raiz. Quanto ao genótipo indicado para a conversão de embriões zigóticos de híbridos de dendezeiro em plântulas viáveis à aclimatização, em extrato de vermiculita e solução nutritiva, o CN 514 em meio Y3 foi o mais viável. Aos três meses foi possível a conversão de embriões de híbridos de dendezeiro até a formação de plântulas
The conservation of energy-momentum and the mass for the graviton
In this work we give special attention to the bimetric theory of gravitation
with massive gravitons proposed by Visser in 1998. In his theory, a prior
background metric is necessary to take in account the massive term. Although in
the great part of the astrophysical studies the Minkowski metric is the best
choice to the background metric, it is not possible to consider this metric in
cosmology. In order to keep the Minkowski metric as background in this case, we
suggest an interpretation of the energy-momentum conservation in Visser's
theory, which is in accordance with the equivalence principle and recovers
naturally the special relativity in the absence of gravitational sources.
Although we do not present a general proof of our hypothesis we show its
validity in the simple case of a plane and dust-dominated universe, in which
the `massive term' appears like an extra contribution for the energy density.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publishing in GR
Can black hole MACHO binaries be detected by the Brazilian spherical antenna?
Different studies show that dark matter of non-baryonic origin might exist.
There have been experimental evidences that at least one form of dark matter
has been detected through microlensing effects. This form of dark matter is
named MACHOs (Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects). The MACHO
collaboration estimated that the masses of these objects are to be in the range
0.15-0.95 solar masses, where the most probable mass is of 0.5 solar masses.
Some authors argue that MACHOs could be black holes, and that they could form
binary systems, BHMACHO binaries. As is well known binary systems are sources
of gravitational waves. The Brazilian spherical antenna will operate in the
frequency band of 3.0-3.4 kHz, sensitive to binaries of a pair of 0.5 solar
mass black holes just before coalescing. In the present work we study the
detectability of these putative BHMACHO binaries by the Brazilian spherical
antenna Mario Schenberg.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Extra polarization states of cosmological gravitational waves in alternative theories of gravity
Cosmological Gravitational Waves (GWs) are usually associated with the
transverse-traceless part of the metric perturbations in the context of the
theory of cosmological perturbations. These modes are just the usual
polarizations `+' and `x' which appear in the general relativity theory.
However, in the majority of the alternative theories of gravity, GWs can
present more than these two polarization states. In this context, the
Newman-Penrose formalism is particularly suitable for evaluating the number of
non-null GW modes. In the present work we intend to take into account these
extra polarization states for cosmological GWs in alternative theories of
gravity. As an application, we derive the dynamical equations for cosmological
GWs for two specific theories, namely, a general scalar-tensor theory which
presents four polarization states and a massive bimetric theory which is in the
most general case with six polarization states for GWs. The mathematical tool
presented here is quite general, so it can be used to study cosmological
perturbations in all metric theories of gravity.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum
Gravity
Observational Constraints on Visser's Cosmological Model
Theories of gravity for which gravitons can be treated as massive particles
have presently been studied as realistic modifications of General Relativity,
and can be tested with cosmological observations. In this work, we study the
ability of a recently proposed theory with massive gravitons, the so-called
Visser theory, to explain the measurements of luminosity distance from the
Union2 compilation, the most recent Type-Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) dataset,
adopting the current ratio of the total density of non-relativistic matter to
the critical density () as a free parameter. We also combine the SNe
Ia data with constraints from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and CMB
measurements. We find that, for the allowed interval of values for ,
a model based on Visser's theory can produce an accelerated expansion period
without any dark energy component, but the combined analysis (SNe Ia + BAO +
CMB) shows that the model is disfavored when compared with CDM model.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Balanço nitrogenado de caprinos alimentados com dietas contendo subproduto de urucum (Bixa orellana L.).
Foram avaliados os balanços nitrogenados de caprinos alimentados com dietas contendo subproduto de urucum em diferentes níveis de inclusão. Utilizaram-se doze caprinos com peso vivo inicial de 18,05 kg, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições no tempo. As inclusões de subproduto de urucum nas dietas foram de 18, 36, 46 e 72%. Os dados de consumo e digestibilidade, além dos dados de balanço nitrogenado, foram submetidos a análises de variância e regressão, em função da inclusão do subproduto na dieta. Os balanços nitrogenados em função do nível de inclusão do subproduto, apresentaram significância entre as dietas P(<0,05), apesar de todos os níveis apresentarem balanço nitrogenado positivo
The continuity of the inversion and the structure of maximal subgroups in countably compact topological semigroups
In this paper we search for conditions on a countably compact
(pseudo-compact) topological semigroup under which: (i) each maximal subgroup
in is a (closed) topological subgroup in ; (ii) the Clifford part
(i.e. the union of all maximal subgroups) of the semigroup is a
closed subset in ; (iii) the inversion is continuous; and (iv) the projection ,
, onto the subset of idempotents of ,
is continuous
Comportamento de cultivares de maracujazeiro quanto ao vírus do endurecimento do fruto (Passionfruit woodiness virus - PWV).
Edição dos resumos do Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 43
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