Características fisiológicas dos cultivares de soja, UFV-1 e IAC-7, no florescimento, em diferentes épocas de semeadura e sua relação com a produção

A study was made on early, normal and delayed planting dates on the physiological characteristics at flowering of two late soybean varieties, UFV-I and IAC-7 and its relation with seed production. The parameters avaluated were: planta height, number of nodes, leaf area index leaf dry weight. The field experiment was carried out at Campinas Experimental Station on an eutrophic Latosol Roxo, during the years 1979/80 and 1980/81. In the year plantings were made every twenty days starting from October 5 and in the second year every thirty days starting from September 17, the total being eight and seven in the consecutive years. Early plantings affected all physiological characteristics yielding lower values than in normal dates, for UFV-1. The values were identical for IAC-7 in early and normal planting dates. The delayed planting dates lowered drastically the values of all physiological characteristics in both varieties. All the avaluated parameters at flowering correlated with seed production in both varieties through the planting dates. It was verified that differences between the two varieties for each planting date did not como up to differences of seed production. The physiological characteristics at flowering were suitable to avaluate the seed production of each variety through the planting dates but were not suitable to compare the two varieties in the same planting date.Estudou-se os efeitos antecipadas, normais e retardadas de semeadura, nas características fisiológicas no florescimento, dos cultivares de soja, UFV-I e IAC-7, de ciclos tardios de maturidade e sua relação coma produção final de sementes. As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta, número de nós frutíferos, índice de área foliar e peso da matéria seca de folhas. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de campo, no município de Campinas, SP, em um Latossolo Roxo eutrófico, durante os anos agrícolas de 1979/80, sendo as datas de semeadura a cada vinte dias no primeiro ano, ã partir de 05/10, e no segundo ano, mensais, à partir de 17/09, sendo consideradas oito e sete épocas respectivamente a cada ano. A antecipação afetou os valores de todas as características avaliadas, sendo menores, comparativamente àqueles obtidos nas épocas normais, no cultivar UFV-I. Os valores obtidos pelo cultivar IAC-7 foram idênticos nas épocas antecipadas e normais. 0 retardamento da época de plantio diminuiu drasticamente os valores de todas as características estudadas, nos dois culti vares. Todas as características avaliadas no florescimento correlacionaram-se com a produção de sementes, nos dois anos de experimento. Na comparação entre cultivares, em cada época, verificou-se que as diferenças observadas entre os mesmos não corresponderam à diferenças na produção de sementes. Concluiu-se que as características fisiológicas no florescimento são adequadas para avaliação do potencial produtivo dos cultivares nas diferen tes épocas, mas não entre cultivares numa mesma época

Effect of time of planting on oil and protein content of the seeds of two soybean varieties

A study was made on early, normal and delayed plaji ting on the oil protein content of the seeds of two late varieties of soybean, UFV-I and I AC-7. The field experiment was carried out at Campinas Experimental Station in eutrophic Latosolo Roxo, during the years 1979/80 and 1980/81. In the first year were made every twenty days starting from October 5 and in the second year every thirty days starting from September 17, the total being eight and seven in the consecutive years. The planting date affect the oil content in both years and varieties. The biggest variations were due the year. Though the planting dates, the variation was aleatory. The planting date affected only the protein content of the I AC-7 variety in both years. The variation was not tendentious thought the planting dates. On early and normal plantings the oil and protein content of the seeds didn't differ for both the varieties.Estudou-se os efeitos de épocas antecipadas, normais e retardadas de semeadura, nos teores de óleo e proteína da semente de dois cultivares da soja, UFV-1 e IAC-7, de ciclos tardios de maturidade. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de campo, no município de Campinas,S.P., em um Latossolo Roxo eutrófico, durante os anos agrícolas de 1979/80 e 1980/81, sendo as semeaduras a cada vinte dias no primeiro ano e mensais, à partir de 17/09, no segundo ano, sendo consideradas oito e sete épocas respectivamente a cada ano. A época de semeadura afetou o teor de óleo dos cultivares, nos dois anos do experimento. Os teores de óleo apresentaram maior variação com o ano agrícola do que com a época de semeadura. Dentro do mesmo ano, a variação através das épocas foi aleatória. A época de semeadura afetou o teor de proteína da semente apenas do cultivar IAC-7, nos dois anos. A variação não apresentou tendência definida através das épocas. Nas épocas antecipadas e normais de semeadura, a composição química da semente, com relação aos teores de ó leo e proteína não diferiu nos dois anos, para os dois cultivares. As diferenças apareceram em épocas retardadas

Sensitivity of the surface orographic gravity wave drag to vertical wind shear over Antarctica

The effects of vertical wind shear on orographic gravity wave drag derived previously from inviscid linear theory are evaluated using reanalysis data. Emphasis is placed on the relative importance of uniform and directional shear (associated with first and second vertical derivatives of the wind velocity), which are theoretically predicted, respectively, to reduce and enhance the surface drag. Two levels at which the wind derivatives are estimated are considered for evaluating the shear corrections to the drag: a height just above the parametrized boundary layer height in the ECMWF model (BLH), and a height of order the standard deviation of the subgrid-scale orography elevation (SDH), adopted by previous authors. A climatology of the Richardson number (Ri) computed for the decade 2006-2015 suggests that the Antarctic region has a high incidence of low Ri values, implying high shear conditions. Shear estimated at the BLH has a relatively modest impact on the drag, whereas shear estimated at the SDH has a stronger impact. Predicted drag enhancement is more widespread than drag reduction because terms involving second wind derivatives dominate the drag correction for a larger fraction of the time than terms involving first derivatives. A comparison of climatologies of the drag corrections for horizontally elliptical mountains (which represent anisotropic subgrid-scale orography in parametrizations) and axisymmetric mountains always results in drag enhancement over Antarctica, with a maximum during the JJA season, showing qualitative robustness to both calculation height and orography anisotropy. However, this enhancement is smaller when using elliptical instead of axisymmetric orography. This is because the shear vector is predominantly oriented along mountain ridges rather than across them when the orography is anisotropic