Drill stem and Deliverability test analysis: Case study of a gas field well test analysis in Myanmar

Drill-stem tests are performed to confirm or prove the presence and the producibility of oil and gas that is detected by the other services. It is usually performed on exploration wells are often the key to determining whether a well has found a commercial hydrocarbon reservoir. Reservoir parameters specifically related to productive capacity such as pressure, permeability can be determined through drill stem test. Common sequence of a drill stem test includes of a short flow period mostly five or ten minutes, which is followed by a buildup period of about an hour that is used to determine initial reservoir pressure. Afterwards, the well is allowed to flow for next four to twenty four hours to establish stable flow to the surface then the well is shut in again for final shut in or build up test which is used to determine permeability thickness and flow potential. Drill stem tests are usually combined with deliverability tests which is referred to the testing of a well to measure its production capabilities and flow performance relationships. Most common deliverability tests are flow after flow, single-point, isochronal and modified isochronal tests. Two main applications of deliverability tests are obtaining the absolute open flow (AOF) potential and generating reservoir inflow performance relationship (IPR) or gas backpressure curve. This paper discusses the case study of drill stem test and deliverability test done on a well in one of the gas fields located in Myanmar. Topics will cover the analyses of reservoir parameters through initial build up test, final build up test during the drill stem test and analysis of flow after flow test for Darcy and Non Darcy skin factors. In addition, it will further discusses the comparison of deliverability tests (empirical and analytical) and lastly perform production forecasting. The analyses are performed through Pansystem which is the well test analysis software developed by Weatherford Inc

Drill stem and Deliverability test analysis: Case study of a gas field well test analysis in Myanmar

Drill-stem tests are performed to confirm or prove the presence and the producibility of oil and gas that is detected by the other services. It is usually performed on exploration wells are often the key to determining whether a well has found a commercial hydrocarbon reservoir. Reservoir parameters specifically related to productive capacity such as pressure, permeability can be determined through drill stem test. Common sequence of a drill stem test includes of a short flow period mostly five or ten minutes, which is followed by a buildup period of about an hour that is used to determine initial reservoir pressure. Afterwards, the well is allowed to flow for next four to twenty four hours to establish stable flow to the surface then the well is shut in again for final shut in or build up test which is used to determine permeability thickness and flow potential. Drill stem tests are usually combined with deliverability tests which is referred to the testing of a well to measure its production capabilities and flow performance relationships. Most common deliverability tests are flow after flow, single-point, isochronal and modified isochronal tests. Two main applications of deliverability tests are obtaining the absolute open flow (AOF) potential and generating reservoir inflow performance relationship (IPR) or gas backpressure curve. This paper discusses the case study of drill stem test and deliverability test done on a well in one of the gas fields located in Myanmar. Topics will cover the analyses of reservoir parameters through initial build up test, final build up test during the drill stem test and analysis of flow after flow test for Darcy and Non Darcy skin factors. In addition, it will further discusses the comparison of deliverability tests (empirical and analytical) and lastly perform production forecasting. The analyses are performed through Pansystem which is the well test analysis software developed by Weatherford Inc

Self-assembly and Self-organization Processes of Carbon Nanotubes in the Colloidal Systems

The features and patterns of self-organization processes in the diffusion-limited conditions (method of drops) of carbon-containing compounds and carbon nanotubes have been studied. The results of the research influence of the substrate temperature and solvent on the formation of nanoscale fractal structures in sediments of colloidal solutions are provided

Self-assembly and Self-organization Processes of Carbon Nanotubes in the Colloidal Systems

The features and patterns of self-organization processes in the diffusion-limited conditions (method of drops) of carbon-containing compounds and carbon nanotubes have been studied. The results of the research influence of the substrate temperature and solvent on the formation of nanoscale fractal structures in sediments of colloidal solutions are provided

Confirmation of Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Myanmar extends known geographic range of an endangered primate

Characterizing genetically distinct populations of primates is important for protecting biodiversity and effectively allocating conservation resources. Skywalker gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) were first described in 2017, with the only confirmed population consisting of 150 individuals in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan Province, China. Based on river geography, the distribution of the skywalker gibbon has been hypothesized to extend into Myanmar between the N’Mai Kha and Ayeyarwaddy Rivers to the west, and the Salween River (named the Thanlwin River in Myanmar and Nujiang River in China) to the east. We conducted acoustic point-count sampling surveys, collected noninvasive samples for molecular mitochondrial cytochrome b gene identification, and took photographs for morphological identification at six sites in Kachin State and three sites in Shan State to determine the presence of skywalker gibbons in predicted suitable forest areas in Myanmar. We also conducted 50 semistructured interviews with members of communities surrounding gibbon range forests to understand potential threats. In Kachin State, we audio-recorded 23 gibbon groups with group densities ranging between 0.57 and 3.6 group/km2. In Shan State, we audio-recorded 21 gibbon groups with group densities ranging between 0.134 and 1.0 group/km2. Based on genetic data obtained from skin and saliva samples, the gibbons were identified as skywalker gibbons (99.54–100% identity). Although these findings increase the species’ known population size and confirmed distribution, skywalker gibbons in Myanmar are threatened by local habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Most of the skywalker gibbon population in Myanmar exists outside protected areas. Therefore, the IUCN Red List status of the skywalker gibbon should remain as Endangered

Образование иерархических структур из функционализированных многостенных углеродных нанотрубок в растворе с аэросилом

The features and  regularities of self−assembly and  self− organization processes in the diffusion−limited conditions (method of drops) of aqueous (deionized water) colloidal solutions of multi−walled carbon nanotubes with aerosil under the influence of constant electric fields with a value varying of direct  current voltage  from 15 to 25 V have been studied. During droplet evaporation in an electric field, the processes of hierarchical structuring have been studied and the formation of linear piecewise with the sizes of 40—120 nm, fractal structures 25—45 nm and  diffusion structures 250 nm from MWCNT — COOH + aerosil  + H2ODI  have  been observed. These structures have  been analyzed by methods of confocal microscopy, X−ray powder diffraction, Raman scattering, atomic force microscopy, FT−IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The size of micro− and nanostructures in hyperbolic dependence of d = 1/U in the  approximation d → 2R, and their growth rate  increases as U2 have been observed. Intensive ultrasonic dispersion proves to produce a centrally−axial arrangement located SWCNT after ultrasonic dispersing of functionalized MWCNT — COOH + aerosil  + H2ODI colloidal solution, as confirmed by excitation of Raman lines in the low−wavelength region, the so−called breathing mode, resulting in the existence of mixed types sp2−hybridization with π− and σ−carbon bonds, as well as metallic and semiconducting conductivity, which indicates great practical importance of this structuring for the development of nanoelectronics. Изучены особенности и закономерности процессов самосборки и самоорганизации в диффузионно−ограниченных условиях (методом из капли) водных (деионизированная вода)  коллоидных растворов многостенных углеродных нанотрубок (МУНТ) с аэросилом под воздействием постоянных электрических полей, варьируемых по величине от 15 до 25 В. В ходе испарения капли в однородном электрическом поле изучены процессы иерархического структурирования и обнаружено формирование линейно−кусочных образований размером 40—120 нм, фрактальных структур — 25—45 нм, а также диффузных структур — 250 нм из «МУНТ — COOH + аэросил + H2Oд.в». Проведены исследования структур методами конфокальной микроскопии, рентгеновской дифрактометрии, спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния, атомно−силовой микроскопии, ИК−спектроскопии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Установлено,  что размеры наблюдаемых микро− и наноструктур уменьшаются по гиперболической зависимости d = 1/U в приближении d  → 2R, а скорость их роста возрастает как U2. Доказано, что интенсивное ультразвуковое диспергирование функционализированных «МУНТ — COOH + аэросил + H2Oд.в» в коллоидном растворе вызывает появление внутри одностенных углеродных нанотрубок с центрально−осевым расположением так называемых дыхательных мод. Это подтверждается возбуждением линий КРС в коротковолновой области, и обусловливает как существование смешанных типов sp2−гибридизации с π− и σ−углеродными связями, так и металлической и полупроводниковой проводимостей, что указывает на большое практическое значение такого структурирования для развития наноэлектроники

THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL MARKETING ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AT WIN AGRO-LIVESTOCK CO., LTD.

This paper aims to analyze the effect of internal marketing on employee commitment and the effect of employee commitment on employee performance of the Win Agro-Livestock Co. Ltd in Yangon. In this study, descriptive, quantitative method and linear regression model are applied. Primary data are collected from 80 employees out of 101 by using Raosoft formula. Employees satisfied and their carrier development from training and development, and promotion. And also there is a positive significant between employee commitment and employee performance. It can be said that the employee was being satisfied and they want to stay in their company because they were proud of a part of Win Agro-Livestock Co. Ltd. Company should focus on such internal marketing as training and development and promotions for improving employee commitment and employee performance and also should analyze and emphasize the others like reward and incentive, empowerment and organizational support to get more employee commitment and employee performance

Software implementation of Iris recognition System using Wavelet transformation

This paper describes the software implementation of Iris Recognition System using Wavelet Transformation. This system intends to apply for high security required areas. The demand on security is increasing greatly in these years and biometric recognition gradually becomes a hot field of research. Iris recognition is a new branch of biometric recognition, which is regarded as the most stable, safe and accurate biometric recognition method. In this paper, the image data base is created by inputting the digital photos via MATLAB program. Image processing tool box and Wavelet transformation tool box are mainly applied to implement the system. Edge detection, Image localization, HAAR Wavelet transformation and Hamming Distance are mainly applied. Finally the accuracy of Iris recognition system is tested and evaluated with different Iris images