La gestión de tesorería en el sector público: alcances y retos para lograr la eficiencia en Latinoamérica

The purpose of the research was to describe and analyze the context of public treasury management in Latin America, which focused on recognizing the scope, the reality in which it is developed and the challenges that must be met for optimal operation. Various approaches have been considered that have made it possible to accurately identify the key factors for its optimal development, the existing problems and the agents with whom they interact, considering elements such as internal control, capital movement records and the performance of officials. This information was obtained through the method of systematic review of indexed scientific and academic literature from reliable portals such as Redalyc, Scielo, Academic Google and Ebsco, likewise, information delimitation criteria were presented, where the journals had to be in the interval of time between the years 2015 and 2021, obtaining 15 articles, which were analyzed in order to develop the discussion and conclusions useful for the area of ​​study and improvement in performance.La investigación tuvo como finalidad describir y analizar el contexto de la gestión de tesorería pública en Latinoamérica, la cual se enfocó en reconocer los alcances, la realidad en la que se desarrolla y los retos que deben cumplirse para un funcionamiento óptimo. Se han considerado diversos enfoques que han permitido identificar con precisión los factores clave para su adecuado desenvolvimiento, las problemáticas existentes y los agentes con los que interactúan, considerándose elementos como el control interno, los registros de movimientos de capital y el desempeño de los funcionarios. Esta información fue obtenida a través del método de revisión sistemática de literatura científica y académica indexada proveniente de portales confiables como Redalyc, Scielo, Google académico y Ebsco, asimismo, se presentaron criterios de delimitación de información, donde las revistas tuvieron que  encontrarse en el intervalo de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2015 y 2021, obteniéndose 15 artículos, que fueron analizados con la finalidad de desarrollar la discusión y las conclusiones de utilidad para el área de estudio y mejora en el desempeño

Participación ciudadana en los gobiernos locales: una revisión latinoamericana

Actualmente en los países de latino américa el ánimo de participación ciudadana no es asertiva, al presentarse problemas en la intervención de los ciudadanos, en busca de progresar y consolidar estados democráticos donde existan comunidades con ciudadanos capacitados y solidarios quienes propongan alternativas para un desarrollo social sostenible, dirigido a la sociedad del conocimiento, llegando a ser una herramienta de control para la gobernanza, trayendo consigo una transformación democrática en la región. Se evidencia que en diversas oportunidades los mecanismos de participación ciudadana no son promovidas por los gobiernos locales debido a que no poseen las capacidades ni el profesionalismo para empoderar e incentivar a los ciudadanos a exigir este proceso de forma transparente al realizar gestión municipal. Sin embargo, se ha evidenciado el intento por parte de la sociedad civil de fortalecer esta herramienta por medio de la rendición de cuentas y de control, con el objetivo de buscar una mejora en la justicia social, para asegurar que los presupuestos y las políticas públicas sean dirigidas hacia los ciudadanos, favoreciendo directamente a las personas que se encuentran socialmente excluidas. Sin embargo, las sociedades civiles no están organizados con profesionales con ética, ni capacidades de liderazgo; se necesita una gran transformación en ambos sectores si queremos lograr que la corrupción a nivel latinoamericano disminuya, se tiene que capacitar a los líderes en ciencias políticas, derecho, gestión pública como municipal. Asimismo, se evidencia a nivel latino América La participación, que se encuentra dirigida por: observatorios ciudadanos, mecanismos de control social, auditorías sociales, consultas ciudadanas. Tenemos que mencionar que el principal Objetivo de estudiar la participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas es de aportar al proceso de construcción de conceptos nuevos a partir de palabras y conocimientos antiguos, esta investigación tiene como finalidad detallar y examinar las iniciativas de la participación ciudadana en cada país de américa latina, así como el análisis de sus resultados, los factores contextuales que las han hecho posible, al mismo tiempo que destacan publicaciones fundamentales con miras a vincular a los lectores con fuentes de información de utilidad actual

Variation in excess all-cause mortality by age, sex, and province during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Although previous evidence suggests that the infection fatality rate from COVID-19 varies by age and sex, and that transmission intensity varies geographically within countries, no study has yet explored the age-sex-space distribution of excess mortality associated with the COVID pandemic. By applying the principles of small-area estimation to existing model formulations for excess mortality, this study develops a novel method for assessing excess mortality across small populations and assesses the pattern of COVID excess mortality by province, year, week, age group, and sex in Italy from March through May 2020. We estimate that 53,200 excess deaths occurred across Italy during this time period, compared to just 35,500 deaths where COVID-19 was registered as the underlying cause of death. Out of the total excess mortality burden, 97% of excess deaths occurred among adults over age 60, and 68% of excess deaths were concentrated among adults over age 80. The burden of excess mortality was unevenly distributed across the country, with just three of Italy's 107 provinces accounting for 32% of all excess mortality. This method for estimating excess mortality can be adapted to other countries where COVID-19 diagnostic capacity is still insufficient, and could be incorporated into public health rapid response systems

The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements

Target distance affects movement duration in aiming tasks but its effect on reaction time (RT) is poorly documented. RT is a function of both preparation and initiation. Experiment 1 pre-cued movement (allowing advanced preparation) and found no influence of distance on RT. Thus, target distance does not affect initiation time. Experiment 2 removed pre-cue information and found that preparing a movement of increased distance lengthens RT. Experiment 3 explored movements to targets of cued size at non-cued distances and found size altered peak speed and movement duration but RT was influenced by distance alone. Thus, amplitude influences preparation time (for reasons other than altered duration) but not initiation time. We hypothesise that the RT distance effect might be due to the increased number of possible trajectories associated with further targets: a hypothesis that can be tested in future experiments

La gestión municipal y su impacto en la gobernabilidad en los gobiernos locales del Perú, 2021

The purpose of this research is to detail and examine the conceptual approach to the management of municipalities and its influence on governance as a very important factor in the well-being of citizens, the foundation is centered on organizational theory as the main source that should be promote the state in its public institutions, likewise improve the capacities of human resources for a better efficient performance to achieve its objectives in the same way in the research carried out we make relevance that it is very important that citizens participate since this contributes to the development of localities. For this, a systematic review of articles published in scientific journals of scielo, Redalyc and Latindex indexed journals whose publications are between 2015 and 2020 has been made, for which a database of 10 articles has been developed. It will allow the discussions to be held and thus reach the conclusions of how effective municipal management has a positive impact on good governance and its study, diagnosis will influence in a timely manner for future research.La finalidad de esta investigación es  detallar y examinar la aproximación conceptual de la gestión de los municipios y su influencia en la gobernabilidad como un factor muy importante en el bienestar de los ciudadanos, el fundamento está centrado en la teoría organizacional como principal fuente que se debería impulsar el estado en sus instituciones públicas, así mismo mejorar las capacidades de los recursos humano para un mejor desempeño eficiente para el logro de sus objetivo del mismo modo en la investigación realizada hacemos relevancia que es muy importante que los ciudadanos participen   ya que  esto contribuye al desarrollo de las localidades. Para ello se ha hecho revisión sistemática  de artículos publicadas en revistas científicas de scielo, Redalyc y revistas indexadas latindex cuyas publicaciones estén comprendidas entre el 2015 al 2020 para el cual se ha desarrollado una base de datos de 10 artículos  los resultados obtenidos de estas investigaciones nos permitirá hacer las discusiones y con ello llegar a las conclusiones de como la gestión municipal efectiva tiene un impacto positivo para una buena gobernabilidad y su estudio, diagnostico incidirá de manera oportuna para futuras investigaciones

Mood instability, mental illness and suicidal ideas : results from a household survey

Purpose: There is weak and inconsistent evidence that mood instability (MI) is associated with depression, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidality although the basis of this is unclear. Our objectives were first to test whether there is an association between depression and PTSD, and MI and secondly whether MI exerts an independent effect on suicidal thinking over and above that explained by common mental disorders. Methods: We used data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (N = 7,131). Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between depression and PTSD, and MI, followed by regression modelling to examine associations between MI and depression, and with PTSD. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the independent effect of MI on suicidal thinking, after adjustment for demographic factors and the effects of common mental disorder diagnoses. Results: There are high rates of MI in depression and PTSD and the presence of MI increases the odds of depression by 10.66 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 7.51–15.13] and PTSD by 8.69 (95 % CI 5.90–12.79), respectively, after adjusting for other factors. Mood instability independently explained suicidal thinking, multiplying the odds by nearly five (odds ratio 4.82; 95 % CI 3.39–6.85), and was individually by some way the most important single factor in explaining suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: MI is strongly associated with depression and PTSD. In people with common mental disorders MI is clinically significant as it acts as an additional factor exacerbating the risk of suicidal thinking. It is important to enquire about MI as part of clinical assessment and treatment studies are required

Pain outcomes in patients with bone metastases from advanced cancer: assessment and management with bone-targeting agents

Bone metastases in advanced cancer frequently cause painful complications that impair patient physical activity and negatively affect quality of life. Pain is often underreported and poorly managed in these patients. The most commonly used pain assessment instruments are visual analogue scales, a single-item measure, and the Brief Pain Inventory Questionnaire-Short Form. The World Health Organization analgesic ladder and the Analgesic Quantification Algorithm are used to evaluate analgesic use. Bone-targeting agents, such as denosumab or bisphosphonates, prevent skeletal complications (i.e., radiation to bone, pathologic fractures, surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression) and can also improve pain outcomes in patients with metastatic bone disease. We have reviewed pain outcomes and analgesic use and reported pain data from an integrated analysis of randomized controlled studies of denosumab versus the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) in patients with bone metastases from advanced solid tumors. Intravenous bisphosphonates improved pain outcomes in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Compared with ZA, denosumab further prevented pain worsening and delayed the need for treatment with strong opioids. In patients with no or mild pain at baseline, denosumab reduced the risk of increasing pain severity and delayed pain worsening along with the time to increased pain interference compared with ZA, suggesting that use of denosumab (with appropriate calcium and vitamin D supplementation) before patients develop bone pain may improve outcomes. These data also support the use of validated pain assessments to optimize treatment and reduce the burden of pain associated with metastatic bone disease

How to select a chiropractor for the management of athletic conditions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chiropractors are an integral part of the management of musculoskeletal injuries. A considerable communication gap between the chiropractic and medical professions exists. Subsequently referring allopathic practitioners lack confidence in picking a chiropractic practitioner with appropriate management strategies to adequately resolve sporting injuries. Subsequently, the question is often raised: "how do you find a good chiropractor?".</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Best practice guidelines are increasingly suggesting that musculoskeletal injuries should be managed with multimodal active and passive care strategies. Broadly speaking chiropractors may be subdivided into "modern multimodal" or "classical" (unimodal) in nature. The modern multimodal practitioner is better suited to managing sporting injuries by incorporating passive and active care management strategies to address three important phases of care in the continuum of injury from the acute inflammation/pain phase to the chronic/rehabilitation phase to the injury prevention phase. In contrast, the unimodal, manipulation only and typically spine only approach of the classical practitioner seems less suited to the challenges of the injured athlete. Identifying what part of the philosophical management spectrum a chiropractor falls is important as it is clearly not easily evident in most published material such as Yellow Pages advertisements.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Identifying a chiropractic practitioner who uses multimodal treatment of adequate duration, who incorporates active and passive components of therapy including exercise prescription whilst using medical terminology and diagnosis without mandatory x-rays or predetermined treatment schedules or prepaid contracts of care will likely result in selection of a chiropractor with the approach and philosophy suited to appropriately managing athletic conditions. Sporting organizations and associations should consider using similar criteria as a minimum standard to allow participation in health care team selections.</p