Time of metamitron application and concentration in the chemical thinning of "Maciel" peach.

Época e concentração do metamitron no raleio químico de pessegueiro "Maciel": No cultivo de pessegueiros o produtor tem o desafio de obter frutos de boa qualidade e manter a produção de forma equilibrada ao longo dos anos. O raleio favorece esses parâmetros e reduz a carga de frutos nas plantas. O raleio manual praticado comumente em pessegueiros, exige elevada mão de obra e onera os custos de produção. Estudos apontam o raleio químico como uma alternativa ao raleio manual, que dependendo da espécie, época e da dosagem empregada vem demonstrando eficiência nas frutíferas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do metamitron aplicado em diferentes épocas e concentrações no raleio químico de pessegueiros no Sul do Brasil. Experimentos foram conduzidos em pomar comercial de pessegueiro da cultivar Maciel, no município de Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante as safras 2015 e 2016. No experimento 1 aplicou-se metamitron na concentração de 200 mg L-1 aos 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após a plena floração e raleio manual realizado aos 40 dias após a plena floração. No experimento 2 foram aplicados os tratamentos com metamitron nas concentrações de 100 mg L-1, 200 mg L-1, 300 mg L-1 e 400 mg L-1 e raleio manual realizados aos 40 dias após a plena floração, além das plantas testemunhas. Avaliou-se a abscisão dos frutos, frutificação efetiva, número total de frutos por planta, produção por planta, massa média e o diâmetro dos frutos. O metamitron na concentração de 200 mg L-1 possui efeito raleante quando aplicado antes dos 40 dias após a plena floração. A aplicação de 100 mg L-1 de metamitron aplicado 40 DAPF promoveu a abscisão de frutos superior ao raleio manual. Portanto, a aplicação de metamitron em pessegueiros "Maciel" mais próximo da plena floração, na concentração de 100 mg L-1 resulta numa pratica eficiente de raleio semelhante ao raleio manual

Effect of Chemical Thinning Season Using Metamitron on Peaches 'Sensação' Quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T18:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosRobertoMartins1962017JEAI385221.pdf: 156898 bytes, checksum: 82a5197daf386a1007ab41882e0c93cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-23bitstream/item/171568/1/Carlos-Roberto-Martins-1962017JEAI38522-1.pd

Prediction model for phenology of grapevine cultivars with hot water treatment.

The objective of this work was to prepare a prediction model for the phenology of grapevine cultivars (Bordô, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moscato Embrapa, Paulsen 1103, SO4, and IAC 572) using hot water treatment. The heat treatment with hot water consisted of combinations of three temperatures (50, 53, and 55°C) and three time periods (30, 45, and 60 min), with or without previous hydration for 30 min. After the treatments, the cuttings were planted in the field and their phenological development was evaluated during two months. The six studied cultivars presented different responses to the effects of the factors temperature and time, but did not differ significantly regarding hydration. It was possible to develop a mathematical model for the use of hot water treatment in grapevine cuttings, based on phenological development (yphenology = 48.268 - 0.811x1 - 0.058x2) and validated by the variables sprouting and root emission. From the developed model, it is recommended that the hot water treatment be applied in the temperature range between 48 and 51°C for cuttings of all cultivars. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um modelo de previsão da fenologia de cultivares de videira (Bordô, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moscato Embrapa, Paulsen 1103, SO4 e IAC 572) com uso de tratamento de água quente. O tratamento térmico com água quente consistiu de combinações de três temperaturas (50, 53 e 55°C) com três intervalos de tempo (30, 45 e 60 min), com ou sem hidratação prévia por 30 min. Após os tratamentos, as estacas foram plantadas a campo e seu desenvolvimento fenológico foi avaliado por dois meses. As seis cultivares estudadas apresentaram respostas distintas quanto à influência dos fatores temperatura e tempo, mas não diferiram significativamente quanto à hidratação. Foi possível desenvolver um modelo matemático para uso do tratamento de água quente em estacas de videira, baseado no desenvolvimento fenológico (yfenologia= 48,268 - 0,811x1 - 0,058x2) e validado com as variáveis brotação e emissão de raízes. Recomenda-se, a partir do modelo desenvolvido, que o tratamento de água quente seja aplicado na faixa de temperatura entre 48 e 51°C para estacas de todas as cultivares.Título em português: Modelo de previsão para fenologia de cultivares de videira com tratamento de água quente

Postharvest Quality during Refrigerated Storage of 'Nadorcott' Mandarin.

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Peach phenological characters: heritability, maternal effect and correlation with brown rot.

Peach is a temperate fruit species that is cultivated under various edaphoclimatic conditions all over the world. In Brazil, in the early 1950s, peaches were planted only in São Paulo state and in the Southern states, and the harvest period was restricted to 15 days. Currently, mainly due to peach breeding programs, it is cultivated in subtropical areas and even in high altitude tropical areas, with a harvest period of over 100 days. Knowledge of genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameters that influence characters of economic importance is crucial for guiding breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of phenological characters, to evaluate their distribution within populations, to test the possible existence of maternal effect and to evaluate the relationship of these traits with brown rot incidence (Monilinia fructicola). The study was performed in Pelotas, RS, Brazil during 2015-2016 to2017-2018 seasons. Sixteen first generation (F1) progenies were evaluated, 10 of them being reciprocal crosses. All genotypes were cultivated in the same area, under the same cultural practices (without fungicide application). Full bloom was considered when more than 50% of flowers were open, and the harvest, when more than 10 fruits reached commercial maturity, the fruit development period being calculated by the difference between full bloom and harvest dates. Brown rot incidence was estimated by the percentage of fruits with symptoms. Broad-sense heritability estimates for full bloom date, harvest date, and fruit development period were high (95 to 98%), and narrow-sense heritabilities were medium to high (65 to 72%). A segregation study of these traits suggests a maternal effect on their heritability, mainly for full bloom and harvest date. The three phenological characters were significantly correlated, and only harvest date had a negative and significant correlation (-0.12) with brown rot incidence.Online first. GMR

Description of the nest of two Thamnophilidae species in Brazilian Amazon

Many Thamnophilidae species have poorly known breeding. Here we describe the nests and eggs of two species, Epinecrophylla ornata from a terra firme forest, and Myrmotherula assimilis from a flooded forest in Brazil. Knowledge on the natural history of these species is important for future conservation strategies. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia. All rights reserved

Budbreak induction in kiwifruit vines cultivated in an organic system by the biological method of single node cutting.

Kiwifruit vines are an alternative approach to diversify Brazilian fruit farming because of the low supply and increase in the demand for their fruits. Hydrogenated cyanamide, which is the most common rest-breaking agent, is highly toxic and its use is not allowed in organic production systems. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of alternative rest-breaking agents in kiwifruit vines by using the biological method of single node cutting. Twigs of the cultivar Bruno were collected in an organic orchard in Pelotas, a city located in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Seven-centimeter-long cuts with a single shoot at the ends were segmented. Cuttings were placed on plastic trays with phenolic foam and soaked in water, at 85% relative humidity on average, and kept in bio-oxygen demand (BOD) incubators at 25± 1 °C and a 16-h photoperiod. Budbreak was evaluated in 2-day and 3-day intervals. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments and three replications of ten sampling units each. The following variables were analyzed: average budbreak time (ABT), final budbreak rate (FBR), vigorous budbreak rate (VBR), velocity of budbreak (VB), percentage of open buds (POB) and dormancy index (DI). The rest-breaking agent garlic extract (GE) 10% + mineral oil (MO) 2% was the most efficient one in budbreak induction in both production cycles. Thus, this dose is recommended for budbreak induction in kiwifruit vines grown in an organic system