Is the Public willing to help the Nigerian Police during the Boko Haram crisis? A look at moderating factors.

This paper sought the opinion of 200 Nigerians on their willingness to cooperate with the Police during the Boko Haram crisis. Public perceptions of Police effectiveness during the crisis, residence location, gender and religious affiliation were used as moderators. Data was analysed using an explanatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Results indicated a strong association between perceived effectiveness and willingness to report to the Police with respondents who question the effectiveness of the Police being less likely to be willing to report criminal activity about Boko Haram. Further to this, the impact of religion on willingness to report was at least partially mediated by perceived effectiveness of the Police with the results showing that Christian respondents perceived the Police as less effective. Females and those living in the North were significantly less willing to report criminal activity to the Police The findings are then discussed in relation to the BH crises and directions for future research are given

Trust in the police and police legitimacy through the eyes of teenagers

Book synopsis: This book examines the processes for social integration and social cohesion among young people, drawing on data collected from the International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD) study, which covered 35 studies.This report examines case studies from 5 selected countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to provide an in-depth comparative study. Social integration processes are defined by sociologists as the mechanisms through which a society is held together, and populations are transformed into collectivities and communities. They are understood by criminologists to be an important factor in crime prevention, and factors such as peer groups and families are strong determinants of criminal behavior. In a time when society, and particularly young people, can seem increasingly fragmented (due to new technologies, rapidly increasing migration, economic inequality, and increased individuation), the researchers in this volume seek to understand whether and how these phenomena affect young people, and how they may have an impact on the development of criminal and antisocial behavior. This work will provide a framework for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with an interest in juveniles, developmental criminology, and crime prevention, as well as related fields such as sociology, social work, and demography

Toward Distributed Computability Theory

Classic computability theory is based on sequential models of computation, like Turing machines [21, 5, 12]. It is sometimes argued that Turingcomplete models of computations are equally expressive. However, we argue that there are problems in distributed computing, such as the Last Man Standing problem [22, 9], that are not solvable in the Turing-complete model CCS(25,12)[10], while they are solvable within finite, nonpermissive [9] Petri nets, a class of nets extending conservatively finite Petri nets with inhibitor arcs. Hence, we argue that Petri nets, in their many facets, are more suitable than sequential models of computation to assess the relative expressive power of different languages for distributed systems. In doing so, we put the basis for distributed computability theory, as a generalization of sequential (or Turing) computability theory