Ofiary katastrofy gazowej w Bhopalu: trauma przed i podczas pandemii COVID-19

Many studies, reports, books, narratives, and surveys have focused on the disputable picture of the sustainable development of victims of the Bhopal Gas Disaster to understand the trauma, faced by the victims and survivors before and during the COVID-19 period. Traumatic accidents fundamentally shatter the time-based experience of humans between the present and the past. The poisonous night not only had an intense effect on their way of life, but also had an acute impact on their understanding of how to deal with problems. However, another whammy COVID-19 makes their lives more traumatized, unsustainable, and also the victims of another catastrophe. The researchers of the present study have attempted to focus on the traumatic conditions and lessons faced by the Bhopal Gas Victims. In short, the present study puts the focus on the disputable record of sustainable development of the Bhopal Gas Victims in duration, from 1984 to the COVID-19 period, through an analysis of different studies.Wiele badań, raportów, książek, narracji i ankiet skupiało się na kontrowersyjnym obrazie ofiar katastrofy gazowej w Bhopalu, aby zrozumieć traumę, z jaką borykają się ofiary i osoby, które przeżyły, przed iw trakcie okresu COVID-19. Traumatyczne wypadki zasadniczo niszczą doświadczenie ludzi między teraźniejszością a przeszłością. Trująca noc nie tylko wywarła ogromny wpływ na ich styl życia, ale także znacząco wpłynęła na ich zrozumienie, jak radzić sobie z problemami. Jednak kolejna katastrofa w postaci COVID-19 sprawia, że ​​ich życie staje się jeszcze bardziej traumatyczne i niezrównoważone. Naukowcy biorący udział w niniejszym badaniu podjęli próbę skupienia się na traumatycznych stanach i lekcjach, z jakimi borykają się ofiary katastrofy gazowej z Bhopalu. Analizujemy kontrowersyjny zapisu rozwoju ofiar katastrofy gazowej z Bhopalu w okresie od 1984 do epidemii COVID-19

Retrospect, resurgence and prospects of micelles

Recent studies on micellar systems were systematically overviewed, paying special attention to Gemini surfactants, mixed micelles, clouding phenomena and microemulsions. Gemini surfactants are surfactants that have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per amphiphilic molecule, rather than the single hydrophilic and single hydrophobic group of conventional surfactants. The greater efficiency and effectiveness of geminis over comparable conventional surfactants make them more cost effective as well as environmentally desirable. Mixed micelles have received wide attention for several decades, both in theoretical studies and in practical applications, because of their distinctive behaviour in comparison with normal micellar systems. Clouding (cloud point, CP) is a well known phenomenon observed in non-ionic surfactants. For charged micelles (i.e., ionic surfactants), the phenomenon rarely occurs, however, under special conditions, the CP in ionic surfactant solutions is observed. Some amphiphilic drugs, like ionic surfactants, also undergo pH-, concentration-, and temperature- dependent phase separation. It was observed that their CP can vary with additives. Due to their unique properties, namely, thermodynamic stability, ultralow interfacial tension, large interfacial area and the ability to solubilize otherwise immiscible liquids, microemulsions have attained increasing significance both in basic research and in industry. The uses and applications of microemulsions have been numerous. Several reviews on micellar systems and their applications have been published. However, this topic is developing quite rapidly and it is hoped that this review will help newcomers in the field as well as those already involved in this field

New bounds of extended energy of a graph

Extended adjacency matrix of a graph with $n$ vertices is a real symmetric marix of order $n\times n$ whose $(i,j)$-th entry is the average of the ratio of the degree of the vertex $i$ to that of the vertex $j$ and its reciprocal when $i,j$ are adjacent, and zero otherwise. Aggregate of absolute eigenvalues of the extended adjacency matrix is termed as the extended energy. In this paper, the concept of extended vertex energy is introduced and some bounds of extended vertex energy are obtained. From there, we obtain some new upper bounds of the extended energy of a graph. Next, we obtain two inequalities which relate the extended energy with the ordinary graph energy. One of those inequalities resolves a conjecture which states that for every graph, ordinary energy can never exceed the extended energy. Using the relationships of extended energy and ordinary energy, we obtain new bounds of extended energy involving the order, size, largest and smallest degree of the graph. We show that these new bounds are improvements of some existing bounds. Finally, some improved bounds of Nordhaus-Gaddum-type are also found.Comment: 17 page

Mathematical Model Applied to Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities Under Climate Change

Recently the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is worldwide terrified anxiety to the public and scholars. Even this global problem is one of the great issues that continuously makes worrying the governments and environmentalists, but its solution findings are not out of the image at all. In this study, we have proposed and analysed a mathematical model for the solvable management of GHGs by sowing the seeds of green building dynamic systems. Moreover, in the model, the human community is used to enhance the production power of individuals of green buildings by absorbing the GHGs. The model is analysed by stability analysis at the equilibrium points: trivial and global equilibrium, and also by convincing the stability and instability of the system of equations. The behaviour of the propound model has been developed by numerical simulations which shows the rate of the fruitfulness of GHG components

Ichthyofaunal diversity of Basurabad Beel in regards with threat factors and conservation measures, Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to assess the temporal distribution of ichthyofaunal composition of Basurabad beel in Khulna, Bangladesh and investigated the fish biodiversity and core threats to biodiversity to provide recommendations for conservation in the beel. During the study period, total 33 fish species were recorded belonging to 6 orders. The order wise fish species availability was maximum in Perciformes (39.40%) and minimum in Beloniformis (3%). The value of Shannon-Weaver diversity index was found higher in Fultola (1.19±0.41) and lowest in Basurabad (0.68±0.17) while the maximum value of Margalef richness index found in Basurabad (1.12±0.35) and lowest in Debitola (0.68±0.34). The value of Pielou’s evenness index was higher in Boroitola (0.61±0.20) and lowest in Basurabad (0.31±0.16) however the Pielou’s index showed an uneven distribution of fish species in the Basurabad sampling point.  The value of Simpson dominance index was higher in Fultola (0.58±0.10) and lowest in Kishmath-Fultola (0.39±0.16). Ten different kinds of fishing gears were identified under 5 major groups in the beel. Among all the gears operated, seine net (Jagat Ber Jal) had the highest catch 31.3±4.1 CC/haul/day/gear (kg) followed by current jal 10.5±2.5 CC/haul/day/gear (kg). This study suggests that comprehensive studies on fisheries biology including reproductive biology, growth, stock assessment and their association with existing laws are essential for the sustainable management and conservation of fish species in the Basurabad beel