Recent Issues and Problems in Bangladesh-India Relations: A Bangladeshi Perspective

The relationship between India and Bangladesh has steadily grown in recent years, particularly after Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina took office in January 2009. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the relationship as a "golden period" in 2019. Indeed, Bangladesh is crucial to India's "Neighborhood First" and "Act East" policies and has played a critical role in sustaining peace and security in the country's Northeast region. However, despite their mutual goodwill, there is some pessimism regarding the relationship's future. This article examines the historical evolution of India-Bangladesh relations, the diverse perspectives on the relationship (Economic et al.), Bangladesh's significance to India, and the issues that threaten to cloud India-Bangladesh ties. Through this research, we can easily see the recent India-Bangladesh relations, whether it moves steadily or not. We can also discover the problematic issues that still exist and cause mistrust between both countries. Finally, give a precise scenario for the country's policymakers that this tie is essential for both countries and should be stronger only when policymakers give more importance and resolve these problems as soon as possible

Recent Issues and Problems in Bangladesh-India Relations: A Bangladeshi Perspective

The relationship between India and Bangladesh has been steadily growing in recent years, particularly after Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina took office in January 2009. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the relationship as a "golden period" in 2019. Indeed, Bangladesh is crucial to India's "Neighborhood First" and "Act East" policies and has played a critical role in sustaining peace and security in the country's Northeast region. Yet, despite their mutual goodwill, there is some pessimism regarding the relationship's future. This article examines the historical evolution of India-Bangladesh relations, the diverse perspectives on the relationship (Economic, Defense, Strategic), Bangladesh's significance to India, and the issues that threaten to cloud India-Bangladesh ties

Recent Issues and Problems in Bangladesh-India Relations: A Bangladeshi Perspective

The relationship between India and Bangladesh has been steadily growing in recent years, particularly after Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina took office in January 2009. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the relationship as a "golden period" in 2019. Indeed, Bangladesh is crucial to India's "Neighborhood First" and "Act East" policies and has played a critical role in sustaining peace and security in the country's Northeast region. Yet, despite their mutual goodwill, there is some pessimism regarding the relationship's future. This article examines the historical evolution of India-Bangladesh relations, the diverse perspectives on the relationship (Economic, Defense, Strategic), Bangladesh's significance to India, and the issues that threaten to cloud India-Bangladesh ties

Modeling Japanese Encephalitis using interconnected networks for a hypothetical outbreak in the USA

Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCaterina Maria ScoglioJapanese Encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by mosquitoes and maintained in birds and pigs. An interconnected network model is proposed to examine the possible epidemiology of JE in the USA. Proposed JE model is an individual-level network model that explicitly considers the feral pig population and implicitly considers mosquitoes and birds in specific areas of Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The virus transmission among feral pigs within a small geographic area (<60 sq mi areas) are modeled using two network topologies— fully connected and Erdos-Renyi networks. Connections between locations situated in different states (interstate links) are created with limited probability and based on fall and spring bird migration patterns. Simulation results obtained from the network models support the use of the Erdos-Renyi network because maximum incidence occurs during the fall migration period which is similar to the peak incidence of the closely related West Nile virus (WNV), another virus in the Japanese Encephalitis group (Flaviviridae) that is transmitted by both birds and mosquitoes. Simulation analysis suggested two important mitigation strategies: for low mosquito vectorial capacity, insecticidal spraying of infected areas reduces transmission and limits the outbreak to a single geographic area. Alternatively, in high mosquito vectorial capacity areas, birds rather than mosquitoes need to be removed/controlled

Cinderella and the Missing Slipper: Gender Dynamics in Water Management in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

The water world is socially constructed, reflecting continuous gender inequalities and discrimination by those who hold dominant perspectives on water. This qualitative study was conducted in coastal areas of Bangladesh i.e. Bajua and Laodob union of Dacope upazilla of Khulna district. This study explored the gendered roles, responsibilities, and inequalities of access to and control over water management in the household, irrigation and agriculture. Results of this study lightened the importance of taking into account the complexity of power and negotiation in local water structures within women’s social realities. This study observed that there are considerable gender imbalance with regard to household activities, income generating activities, participation and mobility, ownership and control of resources, decision making power and involvement in different activities in the water management. The distinct roles and the relations between men and women may give rise to gender inequalities where one group is systematically favored and holds advantages over another. Therefore, gender mainstreaming in the water management is an integral dimension to bringing to light the concerns and experiences of both men and women. The study is convinced that dissemination of information with regards to the role of women in the water management and benefits of a gendered approach in the water sector has been neglected. There were inadequate research materials, especially locally in relation to gender, water management and women empowerment, indicating that there either has been not much research conducted to explore the top or there has been no proper documentation of research papers pertaining to the same. Possible areas of further research may include evaluating the gender mainstreaming strategies in the water and agriculture management in the southwest coastal regions of Bangladesh. If strategies are there and people are enlightened, where is the missing link? Lastly, further research is needed to focus on how women knowledge in water management can be translated to community and national benefits

Climate proofing infrastructure in Bangladesh : the incremental cost of limiting future inland monsoon flood damage

Two-thirds of Bangladesh is less than 5 meters above sea level, making it one of the most flood prone countries in the world. Severe flooding during a monsoon causes significant damage to crops and property, with severe adverse impacts on rural livelihoods. Future climate change seems likely to increase the destructive power of monsoon floods. This paper examines the potential cost of offsetting increased flooding risk from climate change, based on simulations from a climate model of extreme floods out to 2050. Using the 1998 flood as a benchmark for evaluating additional protection measures, the authors calculate conservatively that necessary capital investments out to 2050 would total US$2,671 million (at 2009 prices) to protect roads and railways, river embankments surrounding agricultural lands, and drainage systems and erosion control measures for major towns. With gradual climate change, however, required investments would be phased. Beyond these capital-intensive investments, improved policies, planning and institutions are essential to ensure that such investments are used correctly and yield the expected benefits. Particular attention is needed to the robustness of benefits from large-scale fixed capital investments. Investments in increased understanding of risk-mitigation options and in economic mobility will have especially high returns.Hazard Risk Management,Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Science of Climate Change,Climate Change Economics

Foreign Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh

This study aims to examine the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), personal remittances received, and official development assistance (ODA) in the economic growth of Bangladesh. The study utilizes time series data on Bangladesh from 1976 to 2021. Additionally, this research contributes to the existing literature by introducing the Foreign Capital Depthless Index (FCDI) and exploring its impact on Bangladesh's economic growth. The results of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) suggest that the economic growth of Bangladesh depends on FDI, remittances, and aid in the long run. However, these variables do not exhibit a causal relationship with GDP in the short run. The relationship between FCDI and economic growth is positive in the long run. Nevertheless, the presence of these three variables has a more significant impact on the economic growth of Banglades

The Supply Side Gaps and Opportunities of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh

The growth and development of SME is largely dependent upon cheap and quick access to financial resources. More than ever before, nowadays SME contribute enormously to the economic development of a country; emerging economies top the list. In Bangladesh, 80% of the industrial employment comes through SME and hence much effort is being given toward flourishing it further. However, growth has been affected a lot with contracting funds in the hands of the owners making them vulnerable to slowing down. The major source of finance- the commercial banks face increasing risks from inexperience of the SME owners, lack of well prepared financial statements, in-depth knowledge about the actual need and government bureaucracies. This study attempts to light on the less pronounced challenges of SME development- those faced by the lenders or financers in the process. It has been found that in Bangladesh the segment is underserved by the financial institutions (FI) with less focus on providing customer-tailored products, no specialized credit risk assessment system and huge time required for credit clearance information are some of the bigger challenges. With the knowledge we will be able to identify the risks inherent in lending by the prime commercial banks as well as find solutions to increase the credit flow in the sector. Keywords: SME, Participating Financial Institutions (PFIs), supply side, commercial banks

Reliable Interconnection of the Front Side Grid Fingers Using Silver-reduced Conductive Adhesives

AbstractElectrically conductive adhesives as an alternative interconnection technology can potentially avoid the need for busbars on crystalline silicon solar cells. The adhesive is applied to the grid fingers and the ribbons for module integration can be directly attached to them. We analyze the interconnection related power losses by establishing an electrical model and validating the model with experimental I-V curve data. The maximum error is 7% for one-cell-minimodules. In the following, we select silver-reduced adhesives and tin-coated ribbons to build minimodules and perform environmental chamber tests. The interconnection related cell-to-module losses are higher by 0.5% compared to standard soldering on busbars. The minimodules with silver-reduced glues and tin-coated ribbbons are stable in 1000h damp heat and degrade by a maximum of 3% after 200 thermal cycles. Only the highly Ag-filled acrylate failed the thermal cycling test

Distribution of Risk and Return: A Statistical Test of Normality on Dhaka Stock Exchange

The present study deals with the normal distribution of risk and return of the capital market of Bangladesh. Normal distribution of return is an essential assumption in the field of efficient market hypothesis which posits that the returns of a market must follow the random walk behaviour. Again it is an integral part of Capital Asset Pricing Model, which suggests that if an investor wants to get higher return then he must consider higher risk, this denotes to the normal distribution of risk and return. This study has used a set of parametric and non-parametric tools to examine the returns calculated from the three indices of Dhaka Stock Exchange: DGEN (from 2002 to 2010), DSE20 (from 2002 to 2010) and DSI (from 2006 to 2010). As positive skewness and kurtosis are evident in most of the cases, the returns are found to be suffering from some extremities. Daily, weekly and monthly returns are not normally distributed which shows the contra-evidence of random walk behaviour of market return. Besides the inconsistency between risk and return (daily and weekly) is found, which suggests that additional return may be achieved without having exposure to additional risk. Keywords: Dhaka Stock Exchange, Efficient Market Hypothesis, Kurtosis, Non-parametric Test, Normal Distribution, Parametric Test, Risk and Return, Skewness