334 research outputs found
Helminth fauna of Anas undulata, Anas erythrorhyncha, Anas capensis and Anas smithii at Barberspan, South Africa
Thirty-four species of gastrointestinal helminths were found in 25 Anas undulata, 21 Anas erythrorhyncha,
ten Anas capensis and seven Anas smithii collected at Barberspan, South Africa. Excluding
four new taxa, 11 new African records, and 14, 11, 12 and nine new host records were established for
Anas undulata, Anas erythrorhyncha, Anas capensis and Anas smithii, respectively. The helminth community
included 13 cosmopolitan species, seven species known only from the holarctic, one species
known only from the south Pacific and 13 new or unidentified species that appear to be restricted to
Africa. The infection levels of the common helminth species in the mainly carnivorous Anas capensis
and Anas smithii, were generally much higher than those of species infecting Anas undulata or Anas
erythrorhyncha.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
A comparison of the helminth communities in Anas undulata, Anas erythrorhyncha, Anas capensis and Anas smithii at Barberspan, South Africa
Examination of the helminth communities in 25 yellow-billed ducks (Anas undulata), 21 red-billed
ducks (Anas erythrorhyncha), ten Cape teal (Anas capensis) and seven Cape shovellers (Anas
smithii) that had overwintered at Barberspan, revealed differences in community structure.
Infracommunities in yellow-billed and red-billed ducks were characterized by low diversity and high
eveness, and generally consisted of less than 100 helminths per duck. Similarity values (mean
percent similarity and mean Jaccard's coefficients) were low. In contrast, infracommunities in Cape
teal and Cape shovellers were more diverse, displayed low eveness values and consisted of far
greater numbers of helminths. Mean similarity values for the infracommunities in Cape teal and Cape
shovellers were much higher than those in yellow-billed or red-billed ducks. The component communities
in all four duck hosts were species rich. Those in yellow-billed and red-billed ducks, however,
consisted predominantly of satellite species and no core species were present, whereas those
in Cape teal and Cape shoveller included several core species. Cape teal and Cape shovellers each
had a group of recurrent species but there was not much of a tendency for species to co-occur in
yellow-billed and red-billed ducks. Multivariate analysis revealed a greater similarity between the
communities in Cape teal and Cape shovellers than between the latter and the communities in yellow-
billed or red-billed ducks. Communities in Cape teal and Cape shovellers could be distinguished
from each other by the presence or absence of particular cestode species. The communities in these
two species could be distinguished from those in yellow-billed or red-billed ducks by a suite of cestode
species that was absent in the latter two. Two recurrent groups, consisting of eight and two
species, were identified in the compound community. Each group consisted of species found predominantly
in Cape teal and Cape shovellers. Patterns seen in the helminth communities of the
various hosts reflected differences in diet, but other factors, including feeding behaviour, spatial segregation
and host specificity, may also have had an effect.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada. Concordia University
A checklist of helminths from the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tracts of African Anatidae
A literature survey revealed that 72 helminth species, including 14 known only to the generic level, had
been reported from the digestive or respiratory tracts of 28 species of Anatidae in Africa. Most of the
digeneans and nematodes reported, were cosmopolitan species that occur in a range of hosts. However,
two groups of cestodes, one consisting of cosmopolitan or Eurasian species and the other consisting
of species restricted mainly to sub-Saharan Africa, were apparent. A host-parasite list and a
detailed parasite-host list provide the synyonomies related to African records, the host and geographical
distribution of each species, and the authority and country of origin for each record.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Concordia University
Neutrino capture by r-process waiting-point nuclei
We use the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation to include the effects of
low-lying Gamow-Teller and first forbidden strength in neutrino capture by very
neutron-rich nuclei with N = 50, 82, or 126. For electron neutrinos in what is
currently considered the most likely r-process site the capture cross sections
are two or more times previous estimates. We briefly discuss the reliability of
our calculations and their implications for nucleosynthesis.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Synthesis effects on the magnetic and superconducting properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8
A systematic study on the synthesis of the Ru-1212 compound by preparing a
series of samples that were annealed at increasing temperatures and then
quenched has been performed. It results that the optimal temperature for the
annealing lies around 1060-1065 C; a further temperature increase worsens the
phase formation. Structural order is very important and the subsequent grinding
and annealing improves it. Even if from the structural point of view the
samples appear substantially similar, the physical characterization highlight
great differences both in the electrical and magnetic properties related to
intrinsic properties of the phase as well as to the connection between the
grains as inferred from the resistive and the Curie Weiss behaviour at high
temperature as well as in the visibility of ZFC anf FC magnetic signals.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures. Proc. Int. Workshop " Ruthenate and
rutheno-cuprate materials: theory and experiments", Vietri, October 2001. To
be published on LNP Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin, C. Noce, A. Vecchione,
M. Cuoco, A. Romano Eds, 200
Effects of silver sulfide nanomaterials on mycorrhizal colonization of tomato plants and soil microbial communities in biosolid-amended soil
We investigated effects of Ag2S engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated Ag ENMs (PVP-Ag), and Ag+ on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), their colonization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and overall microbial community structure in biosolids-amended soil. Concentration-dependent uptake was measured in all treatments. Plants exposed to 100 mg kgâ1 PVP-Ag ENMs and 100 mg kgâ1 Ag+ exhibited reduced biomass and greatly reduced mycorrhizal colonization. Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were inhibited by all treatment classes, with the largest reductions measured in 100 mg kgâ1 PVP-Ag ENMs and 100 mg kgâ1 Ag+. Overall, Ag2S ENMs were less toxic to plants, less disruptive to plant-mycorrhizal symbiosis, and less inhibitory to the soil microbial community than PVP-Ag ENMs or Ag+. However, significant effects were observed at 1 mg kgâ1 Ag2S ENMs, suggesting that the potential exists for microbial communities and the ecosystem services they provide to be disrupted by environmentally relevant concentrations of Ag2S ENMs.Jonathan D. Judy, Jason K. Kirby, Courtney Creamer, Mike J. McLaughlin, Cathy Fiebiger, Claire Wright, Timothy R. Cavagnaro, Paul M. Bertsc
Ruthenocuprates RuSr2(Eu,Ce)2Cu2O10: Intrinsic magnetic multilayers
We report ac susceptibility data on RuSr_2(Eu,Ce)_2Cu_2O_(10-y) (Ru-1222, Ce
content x=0.5 and 1.0), RuSr_2GdCu_2O_8 (Ru-1212) and SrRuO_3. Both Ru-1222
(x=0.5, 1.0) sample types exhibit unexpected magnetic dynamics in low magnetic
fields: logarithmic time relaxation, switching behavior, and `inverted'
hysteresis loops. Neither Ru-1212 nor SrRuO_3 exhibit such magnetic dynamics.
The results are interpreted as evidence of the complex magnetic order in
Ru-1222. We propose a specific multilayer model to explain the data, and note
that superconductivity in the ruthenocuprate is compatible with both the
presence and absence of the magnetic dynamics.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, Revtex; submitted to Phys.Rev.
Superconducting properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8 studied by SQUID magnetometry
For polycrystalline RuSr2GdCu2O8 (Ru-1212), distinct peaks have been reported
in d.c. magnetization in the superconducting state of the sample. Sr2GdRuO6
(Sr-2116), the precursor for the preparation of Ru-1212, shows similar peaks in
the same temperature regime. Based on measurements performed on both bulk and
powdered samples of Ru-1212 and Sr-2116, we exclude the possibility, that the
observed behavior of the magnetization of Ru-1212 is due to Sr-2116 impurities.
The effect is related to the superconductivity of Ru-1212, but it is not an
intrinsic property of this compound. We provide evidence that the observation
of magnetization peaks in the superconducting state of Ru-1212 is due to flux
motion generated by the movement of the sample in an inhomogeneous field,
during the measurement in the SQUID magnetometer. We propose several tests,
that help to decide, whether the features observed in a SQUID magnetization
measurement of Ru-1212 represent a property of the compound or not.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
Photon interferometry and size of the hot zone in relativistic heavy ion collisions
The parameters obtained from the theoretical analysis of the single photon
spectra observed by the WA98 collaboration at SPS energies have been used to
evaluate the two photon correlation functions. The single photon spectra and
the two photon correlations at RHIC energies have also been evaluated, taking
into account the effects of the possible spectral change of hadrons in a
thermal bath. We find that the ratio for SPS and
for RHIC energy.Comment: text changed, figures adde
Lesser snow goose helminths show recurring and positive parasite infection-diversity relations
The patterns and mechanisms by which biological diversity is associated with parasite infection risk are important to study because of their potential implications for wildlife population's conservation and management. Almost all research in this area has focused on host species diversity and has neglected parasite diversity, despite evidence that parasites are important drivers of community structure and ecosystem processes. Here, we assessed whether presence or abundance of each of nine helminth species parasitizing lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens) was associated with indices of parasite diversity (i.e. species richness and Shannon's Diversity Index). We found repeated instances of focal parasite presence and abundance having significant positive co-variation with diversity measures of other parasites. These results occurred both within individual samples and for combinations of all samples. Whereas host condition and parasite facilitation could be drivers of the patterns we observed, other host- or parasite-level effects, such as age or sex class of host or taxon of parasite, were discounted as explanatory variables. Our findings of recurring and positive associations between focal parasite abundance and diversity underscore the importance of moving beyond pairwise species interactions and contexts, and of including the oft-neglected parasite species diversity in infection-diversity studies
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