From Once Upon a Time to Happily Ever After: Grimms’ Fairy Tales and Early Childhood Development

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies and The Division of Languages and Literature of Bard College

Freedom At The Freak Show: Carnivalesque Imagery In The Fiction Of Eudora Welty, Flannery O\u27Connor And Katherine Anne Porter

This thesis examines the function of the circus and the sideshow in the work of Eudora Welty, Flannery O’Connor, and Katherine Anne Porter, arguing that all of these authors employ Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of the carnivalesque as a reaction to and against the expectations put on them as women who are pressured to conform to the Southern ideal. In the first chapter, I argue that Eudora Welty uses the carnivalesque to reveal the performativity of normalcy in both “Lily Daw and the Three Ladies” (1937) and “A Memory” (1937). These performances, in the first story particularly, offer a critique of the eugenics movement that was popular at the time. In the second chapter, I argue that O’Connor’s work queers the heterosexual ideal of the Southern lady both inside the circus tent, where a hermaphrodite becomes both preacher and the Virgin Mary, and outside of the tent, in a comical waiting room where the anti-Southern belle becomes a powerful prophet and the main character’s moves towards grace coincides with a move towards disfigurement. For O’Connor, the chaste religion associated with the protestant ideal of the Southern lady serves as a humorous construction, and real revelation comes only when freaks are first in line to heaven. In chapter three, I focus particularly on the idea of carnivalesque laughter in Porter’s fiction, examining both “The Circus” (1934) and “Holiday” (1960). Porter’s early story “The Circus” becomes almost a parody of the carnivalesque, where the power of the patriarchy erases any possibility of momentary transgression or freedom even during carnival; however, “Holiday,” published much later in her life, serves as a sort of anecdote for this dire prediction. Through these two stories I will trace the evolution of carnivalesque laughter in Porter’s fiction, which turns from terrifyingly cruel to hopeful

Bonegrinder

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Abnormalities in Lower Extremity Muscle Recruitment Following Concussion Using Electromyography and Tandem Gait

Following sports-related concussion (SRC) athletes are 1.9-3.5x more likely to sustain a musculoskeletal (MSK) injury for up to one year following concussion. Surface electromyography(sEMG) can be used to measure abnormal muscle recruitment that may be the cause of the increased injury risk. Purpose: To examine abnormalities in lower extremity muscle recruitment between healthy, concussed, and symptom free individuals. Methods: 11 healthy NCAA Division I athletes and one University student (8 males, 3 females; Age: 19.5±1.31 years old) were recruited and compared to 9 NCAA Division I athletes (5 males, 4 females; Age: 20.22±1.79 years old. Average days following concussion: 1.11±0.33) of which 5 came back for a follow up symptom free appointment (3 males, 2 females; Age: 19.6±0.89 years old; Average days following concussion: 30.8±29.7). Participants had sEMG sensors (2000 Hz, 1-cm center-to-center distance, 1000 gain, Delsys, Natick, MA) applied to their tibialis anterior (TA), peroneal (PER), and medial gastrocnemius (M. GAST). To start, participants performed three self-paced walking trials (10m), along with three pseudorandomized trials of single task (ST), and three dual task (DT) trials. ST trials involved participants walking heel-to-toe for 3 meters, turning around, and walking back. DT trials have the same walking task with an addition cognitive task. All data was filtered, rectified, and normalized to the self-paced gait trials for analyzation. A series of one-way ANOVAs, Kruksal-Wallis, and RMANOVAs, were used to evaluate for statistical significance between concussion, healthy, and symptom free individuals. Results: There was significant differences in the TA turn phase in both ST and DT conditions in the healthy vs symptom free subjects (CONvSF ST Turn: p=0.03; CONvSF DT Turn: p=0.04). The trend in the data shows a decrease in TA recruitment followed by an increase in PER recruitment in the healthy vs concussion subjects. The concussion vs symptom free subjects shows a consistent pattern of increased TA and M. GAST recruitment, as well as a decrease in PER recruitment. Conclusion: The trends present in the data point to a decrease in gait velocity as well as an increase in medio-lateral instability following concussion with an observed recovery upon symptom free evaluation. While the symptom free athletes had improved medio-lateral stability, they are still less stable than their healthy counterparts, meaning they are beginning return to play with instability present. This indicates that rehabilitation professionals should consider implementing lower extremity stability exercises in stage I of return to play

He Was So Well Provided for That He Could Sweep the World for Gain : the Supply of Sherman\u27s Armies during the Atlanta Campaign, 1864

Forward: The following study is in some ways not a traditional treatment of the American Civil War. Consequently, it is the purpose of this introduction to prepare any potential reader for what lies ahead. Civil War historians have long written of the American Iliad, as it is sometimes called, as if it simply appeared, from a military perspective, out of nowhere, with no preceding experiences which influenced its course nor any consequences which resulted from it. In short, tunnel vision has been a characteristic trait of many chroniclers of the War of the Rebellion. This work, therefore, attempts to go beyond the usual limits of Civil War history to examine what effects the preceding three hundred years of European and American military history had on the effort of General William Tecumseh Sherman to feed, clothe, arm, and accoutre his bluecoats during the Atlanta Campaign of 1864. And further, the results of this experience on later attempts by Americans and Europeans to feed their armies in time of war are briefly traced through World War One, when all western armies came to rely on their own internally administered and organized supply systems to fill their armies\u27 material needs. Because this study endeavors to take the so-called long view of the Atlanta Campaign and how it fits into the whole of western military history, it may be helpful to read it in a certain order. Read the first chapter in its entirety, and then peruse the last four pages of the text. In this way, the long view will become apparent. Next, go back and read all of chapters two through six. The result should be a much clearer understanding of the supply of Sherman\u27s armies during the Atlanta Campaign. And finally, to all but the most dedicated of military historians, a logistical study would seem to be endlessly boring and inconsequential. In truth, however, logistics or supply has had more effect on military history than is commonly recognized, and the first few pages of chapter one should firmly establish that fact. Hence, it is a further purpose of this work to dispel some of the widely held myths concerning the way in which Sherman\u27s blue columns were provisioned on their march to Atlanta and how the ultimate Union victory was in one way at least due greatly to a superb supply network. (c) J. Britt McCarle

An Archaeological Survey at Oak Level Mound: Investigating Settlement Patterns and Intrasite Use During the Middle Mississippian Period (A.D. 1150-1350)

This study is about a Middle Mississippian (A.D. 1150-1350) burial mound site known as Oak Level Mound. Located in the back swamps of Bryan County, Georgia 2.4 km south of the Ogeechee River, the site is situated amongst Live Oak hammocks and Palmettoes. The earthen architecture and material remains found at Oak Level Mound during the fall of 2012 and winter 2013 tell a tale of ancient people whose subsistence included oysters, snail, and nuts. Their daily practices are expressed in burial mounds and utilitarian and/or status goods, such as plain, cord-marked, and complicated-stamped pottery. This study, then, seeks to understand those daily practices taking place at Oak Level Mound between A.D. 1150 and A.D 1350, both locally and regionally

The Status of the Kisatchie Painted Crayfish (Faxonius maletae) in Louisiana

The Kisatchie Painted Crayfish, Faxonius maletae, are considered to be imperiled and potentially endangered in Texas and Louisiana. There are two known subpopulations, and previous work suggested these subpopulations may be highly genetically differentiated and therefore deserving of different subspecies or species status. Upon field sampling and performing DNA extractions, Restricted Site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq) was performed based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess genetic variability between Texas and Louisiana subpopulations. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two subpopulations are not genetically differentiated from one another. Population genetic analyses further supported that the species are not genetically differentiated from one another (P=0.49, FST = 0.10). The results presented here suggest that the two subpopulations are still exchanging alleles with one another and are not separate species or subspecies. Faxonius maletae is declining indicating the importance for conservation status in Texas and Louisiana

How Does the Creation of Temporary Wetland Habitat on Agricultural Fields in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley Affect the Abundance of Migratory Shorebirds?

Although the causes of broad population declines of migratory shorebirds are not well understood, it is likely that loss of migratory stopover habitat is a contributing factor. In the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), much of the historical stopover sites have been converted to agricultural land. To combat this dearth, we have incentivized farmers to create temporary wetland habitat on shallowly flooded corn and soybean cropland in the LMAV during the fall after harvest. In a two-year study, shorebird surveys were completed bi-weekly on employed farm sites to determine the abundances of shorebirds present on five different temporal flood treatments repeated on four farm sites, and a sister study quantifying chironomid abundance and biomass happened simultaneously to determine associations between bird and invertebrate abundances. Additionally, shorebirds were captured and radio-tagged to determine stopover duration and ultimately total numbers of individual shorebirds visiting during a field season. In the fall, shorebirds were significantly more abundant on actively flooded fields vs dry control, passive, or winter fields. During the winter, abundances were significantly higher on the two active flooded fields than the control, but only the field actively flooded for a longer duration had significantly higher abundances than all other treatments. Shorebirds and chironomids were positively associated across both seasons. Shorebird stopover durations were longer based on our radio data than prior estimates for certain species in the same region, but the cause of this extension is unknown. Based on these results, it is recommended that flooding fields post-harvest in the fall is important for attracting the highest abundances of shorebirds during a time of need. Further, there seems to be a positive implication of flooding early and holding water on a field into the winter. Working cooperatively with farmers can help all involved parties meet their needs most efficiently, and flooding multiple adjacent parcels of land may create the most optimal stopover conditions for shorebirds

Detail design specification for enhancement of the automatic status and tracking system software

There are no author-identified significant results in this report