Estudio comparativo de la presión arterial invasiva frente a la presión arterial no invasiva. Valoración de la diferencia.

In clinical practice, blood pressure is an important parameter in patient critic hemodynamic valuation. There are two ways of measuring: Invasive Pressure (IP) and Non Invasive Pressure (NIP). As objectives, we set ourselves the task of comparing the difference between both forms of measurement, assessing the possible differences by arterial location, age and sex, assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation, inotropic drugs and casework in invasive blood pressure difference (IP) and non invasive arterial pressure (NIP). We sought to identify its clinical significance and estimate the reliability of the NIP. We conducted a descriptive, longitudinal and comparative study between March and December 2008. Sex, age and arterial location (hemi-body and artery) were analyzed. We have included patients with artery with optimal curve and calibration at the time of measurement in decubitus. NIP was taken in both arms at an interval of five minutes, and IP was recorded at the same time. Analysis was with SPSS 15.0. The difference was analyzed in 109 patients with statistically significant differences in any scanned parameters. Under discussion and conclusions we propose that the differences found are not clinically significant and therefore the IP and the NIP are reliable in optimal calibration state.En la práctica clínica, la tensión arterial es un parámetro importante en la valoración hemodinámica del paciente crítico. Existen dos formas de medición: Presión Invasiva (PI) y Presión No Invasiva (PNI). Como objetivos nos planteamos comparar la diferencia entre ambas formas de medición, valorar las posibles diferencias por la localización arterial, edad y sexo, valorar la influencia de la ventilación mecánica, drogas inotrópicas y antecedentes personales en la diferencia de Presión arterial Invasiva (PI) respecto a la Presión arterial No Invasiva (PNI). Identificar su significación clínica y estimar la fiabilidad de la PNI. Hicimos un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y comparativo de marzo a diciembre 2008. Se analizó sexo, edad y localización arterial (hemicuerpo y arteria). Incluimos pacientes con arteria con curva óptima y calibración en el momento de medición en decúbito supino. Se tomó la PNI en ambos brazos con 5 minutos de diferencia, registrando la PI al mismo tiempo. Análisis con el Spss 15.0. Se analizó la diferencia en 109 pacientes con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en algún parámetro analizado. Como conclusiones y discusión planteamos que las diferencias encontradas no son clínicamente significativas y por tanto la PI y la PNI son fiables en estado óptimo de calibración

Dihydrolipoic acid reduces cytochrome b561 proteins.

Cytochrome b561 (Cyt-b561) proteins constitute a family of trans-membrane proteins that are present in a wide variety of organisms. Two of their characteristic properties are the reducibility by ascorbate (ASC) and the presence of two distinct b-type hemes localized on two opposite sides of the membrane. Here we show that the tonoplast-localized and the putative tumor suppressor Cyt-b561 proteins can be reduced by other reductants than ASC and dithionite. A detailed spectral analysis of the ASC-dependent and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)-dependent reduction of these two Cyt-b561 proteins is also presented. Our results are discussed in relation to the known antioxidant capability of DHLA as well as its role in the regeneration of other antioxidant compounds of cells. These results allow us to speculate on new biological functions for the trans-membrane Cyt-b561 proteins

Effect of Acinetobacter sp on Metalaxyl Degradation and Metabolite Profile of Potato Seedlings (Solanum tuberosum L.) Alpha Variety

One of the most serious diseases in potato cultivars is caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, which affects leaves, stems and tubers. Metalaxyl is a fungicide that protects potato plants from Phytophthora infestans. In Mexico, farmers apply metalaxyl 35 times during the cycle of potato production and the last application is typically 15 days before harvest. There are no records related to the presence of metalaxyl in potato tubers in Mexico. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Acinetobacter sp on metalaxyl degradation in potato seedlings. The effect of bacteria and metalaxyl on the growth of potato seedlings was also evaluated. A metabolite profile analysis was conducted to determine potential molecular biomarkers produced by potato seedlings in the presence of Acinetobacter sp and metalaxyl. Metalaxyl did not affect the growth of potato seedlings. However, Acinetobacter sp strongly affected the growth of inoculated seedlings, as confirmed by plant length and plant fresh weights which were lower in inoculated potato seedlings (40% and 27%, respectively) compared to the controls. Acinetobacter sp also affected root formation. Inoculated potato seedlings showed a decrease in root formation compared to the controls. LC-MS/MS analysis of metalaxyl residues in potato seedlings suggests that Acinetobacter sp did not degrade metalaxyl. GC–TOF–MS platform was used in metabolic profiling studies. Statistical data analysis and metabolic pathway analysis allowed suggesting the alteration of metabolic pathways by both Acinetobacter sp infection and metalaxyl treatment. Several hundred metabolites were detected, 137 metabolites were identified and 15 metabolic markers were suggested based on statistical change significance found with PLS-DA analysis. These results are important for better understanding the interactions of putative endophytic bacteria and pesticides on plants and their possible effects on plant metabolism

Bat Rabies in Guatemala

Rabies in bats is considered enzootic throughout the New World, but few comparative data are available for most countries in the region. As part of a larger pathogen detection program, enhanced bat rabies surveillance was conducted in Guatemala, between 2009 and 2011. A total of 672 bats of 31 species were sampled and tested for rabies. The prevalence of rabies virus (RABV) detection among all collected bats was low (0.3%). Viral antigens were detected and infectious virus was isolated from the brains of two common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). RABV was also isolated from oral swabs, lungs and kidneys of both bats, whereas viral RNA was detected in all of the tissues examined by hemi-nested RT-PCR except for the liver of one bat. Sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene showed that both viruses were 100% identical, whereas sequencing of the glycoprotein gene revealed one non-synonymous substitution (302T,S). The two vampire bat RABV isolates in this study were phylogenetically related to viruses associated with vampire bats in the eastern states of Mexico and El Salvador. Additionally, 7% of sera collected from 398 bats demonstrated RABV neutralizing antibody. The proportion of seropositive bats varied significantly across trophic guilds, suggestive of complex intraspecific compartmentalization of RABV perpetuation