The role of city geometry in determining the utility of a small urban light rail/tram system

In this work, we show the importance of considering a city's shape, as much as its population density figures, in urban transport planning. We consider in particular cities that are circular (the most common shape) compared to those that are rectangular: For the latter case we show greater utility for a single line light rail/tram system. We introduce the new concepts of Infeasible Regions and Infeasibility Factors, and show how to calculate them numerically and (in some cases) analytically. A particular case study is presented for Galway City.Comment: 22 pages. This version has more details on exact calculation of Infeasibility Factors. Accepted for publication in the Springer Journal "Public Transport

Rorschach Indications of Emotional Instability and Susceptibility to Motion Sickness

Psychological testing of emotional factors in susceptibility to motion sicknes

Progress in Developing High Energy Nozzle Beams

Electron beam studies of skimmer phenomena and effect on high energy nozzle beam formatio

Quantum walks on two kinds of two-dimensional models

In this paper, we numerically study quantum walks on two kinds of two-dimensional graphs: cylindrical strip and Mobius strip. The two kinds of graphs are typical two-dimensional topological graph. We study the crossing property of quantum walks on these two models. Also, we study its dependence on the initial state, size of the model. At the same time, we compare the quantum walk and classical walk on these two models to discuss the difference of quantum walk and classical walk

Surgical education in the middle ages

The new surgical texts of the thirteenth century suggest that their authors wished their subject to appear as a learned discipline, yet it was still communicated by individual practitioners privately to one or two disciples, not in a university setting. But by 1300, surgery was beginning to be taught formally as part of medicine in many Italian studia, for example, by Dino del Garbo at Siena, though Henri de Mondeville's programme to accomplish the same at Paris (1306-16) was unsuccessful. Surgery continued to be taught in Italian schools in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, though it was of much lower status than medicine, as is revealed at Bologna and Padua; during the same period, surgeons in Paris eventually achieved a limited association with the faculty of medicine there. Dissections and models were perhaps used in university teaching of surgery, which nevertheless appears to have been primarily text-based