86 research outputs found
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Activation by Sound Localization in Artificial Unilateral Hearing Loss
Article信州医学雑誌 64(3): 123-133(2016)journal articl
Patients' acceptability and implementation outcomes of a case management approach to encourage participation in colorectal cancer screening for people with schizophrenia: a qualitative secondary analysis of a mixed-method randomised clinical trial
Objectives We examined the efficacy of case management (CM) interventions to encourage participation in colorectal cancer screening for patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to clarify patients' acceptability of the intervention and the helpful components of the intervention. Simultaneously, the study aimed to determine the acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of the intervention from the perspective of psychiatric care providers. Study design and setting This study was a secondary qualitative analysis of a mixed-method randomised controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy of the CM approach to encourage participation in cancer screening for people with schizophrenia. The intervention comprised education and patient navigation for colorectal cancer screening. Interviews were conducted with patients who received the intervention and staff from two psychiatric hospitals in Japan who delivered the intervention. Participants Of the 172 patients with schizophrenia who participated in the trial, 153 were included. In addition, three out of six providers were included. Data collection and analysis Using a structured interview, the case manager asked participants about patient acceptability and the helpful components of the intervention. Content analysis was conducted for the responses obtained, and the number of responses was tabulated by two researchers. For the interviews with the providers, opinions obtained from verbatim transcripts were extracted and summarised. Results Forty-three of the 56 patients perceived that the intervention was acceptable. For the intervention component, inperson counselling with an explanation of the screening process by psychiatric care providers was most frequently reported by the patients as helpful (48 of the 68 respondents). Psychiatric care providers evaluated the intervention as acceptable, appropriate and easy to understand and administer. However, providing the intervention to all patients simultaneously was considered difficult with the current human resources. Conclusions This study showed that the CM intervention was perceived as acceptable by patients and acceptable and appropriate by psychiatric care providers
Evaluation of Critical Current Density of FeAs-based Superconductors
In this review paper, we report the characteristics of the critical current density in FeAs based superconductors which is newly discovered by Hosono group of Tokyo Institute of Technology on 2008. Since the many specimens in present stage are not single crystals, there are two kinds of critical current density observed in the specimens which are so-called local and global critical current densities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate both kinds of critical current densities. The history effect in which the global critical current density shows different values in increasing and decreasing magnetic field is also observed when the specimens have the local and the global critical current densities. The wire which critical current is 180 A is successfully developed with using the knowledge of abovementioned characteristics of two kinds of critical current densities and the history effect
The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory
The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly
successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy
universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range,
from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution,
high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral
resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in
the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers
covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing
hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12
keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and
a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the
40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral
resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science
themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical
Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to
Gamma Ray
Prevention of hypoglycemia by intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring device combined with structured education in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus : A randomized, crossover trial
Aims: We conducted a randomized, crossover trial to compare intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) device with structured education (Intervention) to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (Control) in the reduction of time below range.
Methods: This crossover trial involved 104 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using multiple daily injections. Participants were randomly allocated to either sequence Intervention/Control or sequence Control/Intervention. During the Intervention period which lasted 84 days, participants used the first-generation FreeStyle Libre (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) and received structured education on how to prevent hypoglycemia based on the trend arrow and by frequent sensor scanning (≥10 times a day). Confirmatory SMBG was conducted before dosing insulin. The Control period lasted 84 days. The primary endpoint was the decrease in the time below range (TBR; <70 mg/dL).
Results: The time below range was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm compared to the Control arm (2.42 ± 1.68 h/day [10.1 %±7.0 %] vs 3.10 ± 2.28 h/day [12.9 %±9.5 %], P = 0.012). The ratio of high-risk participants with low blood glucose index >5 was significantly reduced (8.6 % vs 23.7 %, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The use of isCGM combined with structured education significantly reduced the time below range in patients with T1DM
Development of Risk Prediction Equations for Incident Chronic Kidney Disease
IMPORTANCE ‐ Early identification of individuals at elevated risk of developing chronic kidney disease
could improve clinical care through enhanced surveillance and better management of underlying health
conditions.
OBJECTIVE – To develop assessment tools to identify individuals at increased risk of chronic kidney
disease, defined by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS – Individual level data analysis of 34 multinational cohorts from
the CKD Prognosis Consortium including 5,222,711 individuals from 28 countries. Data were collected from April, 1970 through January, 2017. A two‐stage analysis was performed, with each study first
analyzed individually and summarized overall using a weighted average. Since clinical variables were often differentially available by diabetes status, models were developed separately within participants
with diabetes and without diabetes. Discrimination and calibration were also tested in 9 external
cohorts (N=2,253,540).
EXPOSURE Demographic and clinical factors.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES – Incident eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
RESULTS – In 4,441,084 participants without diabetes (mean age, 54 years, 38% female), there were
660,856 incident cases of reduced eGFR during a mean follow‐up of 4.2 years. In 781,627 participants
with diabetes (mean age, 62 years, 13% female), there were 313,646 incident cases during a mean
follow‐up of 3.9 years. Equations for the 5‐year risk of reduced eGFR included age, sex, ethnicity, eGFR,
history of cardiovascular disease, ever smoker, hypertension, BMI, and albuminuria. For participants
with diabetes, the models also included diabetes medications, hemoglobin A1c, and the interaction
between the two. The risk equations had a median C statistic for the 5‐year predicted probability of
0.845 (25th – 75th percentile, 0.789‐0.890) in the cohorts without diabetes and 0.801 (25th – 75th
percentile, 0.750‐0.819) in the cohorts with diabetes. Calibration analysis showed that 9 out of 13 (69%)
study populations had a slope of observed to predicted risk between 0.80 and 1.25. Discrimination was
similar in 18 study populations in 9 external validation cohorts; calibration showed that 16 out of 18
(89%) had a slope of observed to predicted risk between 0.80 and 1.25.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE – Equations for predicting risk of incident chronic kidney disease
developed in over 5 million people from 34 multinational cohorts demonstrated high discrimination and
variable calibration in diverse populations
- …