HOXB5 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Human HOX genes encode transcription factors that act as master regulators of embryonic development. They are important in several processes such as cellular morphogenesis and differentiation. The HOXB5 gene in particular has been reported in some types of neoplasm, but not in oral cancer. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the expression of HOXB5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in non-tumoral adjacent tissues, focusing on verifying its possible role as a broad tumor-associated gene and its association with histopathological and clinical (TNM) characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RT-PCR was performed to amplify HOXB5 mRNA in 15 OSCCs and adjacent non-tumoral epithelium. A possible association with TNM and histopathologic data was verifed by the chi-square and post-hoc t-test. RESULTS: HOXB5 was amplifed in 60% non-tumoral epithelium and in 93.3% carcinomas. No statistically signifcant differences were found regarding the HOXB5 mRNA expression and TNM or histological grade. CONCLUSION: HOXB5 is expressed in OSCCs and its role in cancer progression should be further investigated.FAPESPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Analysis of presence of HOXA7, HOC6 and TGIF transcripts in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Os genes homeobox são uma família de genes reguladores que são vitais para vários aspectos do crescimento e diferenciação celular. Recentemente, implicações dos genes HOXA7, HOXC6 e TGIF na gênese e progressão tumoral vêm sendo verificadas. Entretanto, o envolvimento desses genes em carcinomas epidermóides (CE) de boca ainda não foi demonstrado. A possível presença de transcritos dos genes HOXA7, HOXC6 e TGIF em carcinomas epidermóides de boca e em tecidos não tumorais adjacentes (TN) foi analisada. Os transcritos dos genes foram amplificados por RT-PCR e sua localização celular determinada por hibridização in situ (ISH) com sondas de mRNA específicas. A amplificação do HOXA7 foi observada em 70% dos casos sendo 15% apenas nas amostras TN, 45% somente nos CEs e 10% em ambos tecidos. Nenhuma amplificação do HOXC6 foi observada. O TGIF foi amplificado em 80% dos casos, sendo 5% somente nas amostras TN, 20% nos CEs e 55% em ambos tecidos. Análises estatísticas mostraram que não havia diferença significante entre a amplificação do transcrito HOXA7 ou TGIF e o tipo de tecido analisado. Além disso, nenhuma associação entre a amplificação dos transcritos nas amostras CE e os aspectos clínicos foi observada. O sinal de hibridização in situ foi similar para os transcritos HOXA7 e TGIF. Nas amostras TN o sinal da ISH foi intenso no epitélio, ora disperso sendo mais proeminente na camada espinhosa ora mais proeminente nas camadas basais e suprabasais. Nos CEs os transcritos foram localizados por toda neoplasia sendo que o sinal era menor em áreas menos diferenciadas. Esses resultados mostram que o HOXC6 não está envolvido com a carcinogênese oral enquanto que a presença dos transcritos HOXA7 e TGIF principalmente em regiões bem diferenciadas dos carcinomas epidermóides de boca sugere uma participação desses genes nesta neoplasiaHomeobox genes comprise a family of developmental regulators that are vital for several aspects of growth and differentiation. Recently HOXA7, HOXC6 and TGIF genes have been implicated with carcinogenesis and tumoral progression. However their involvement with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) has not been demonstrated yet. The possible presence of HOXA7, HOXC6 and TGIF transcripts in OSCC and adjacent non-tumoral tissues (NT) was verified. Transcripts were amplified by RT -PCR and its cellular localization was determined by in situ hybridization with specific riboprobes. Amplification of HOXA7 was seen in 70% of cases, 15% only in NT tissues, 45% only in OSCC samples and 10% in both tissues. No amplification of HOXC6 was observed. TGIF was amplified in 80% of cases, 5% only in NT tissues, 20% only in OSCC samples and 55% in both tissues. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between amplification of HOXA7 or TGIF and the type of tissue analyzed. Moreover, no association between amplification of transcripts in OSSC and clinical aspects was observed. ISH signal was similar for HOXA7 and TGIF transcripts. In NT tissues there was an intense expression in the epithelium, either in basal and suprabasal layers or disperse and more intense in the spinous layer. In OSCC transcripts were locali zed in all tumoral cells, but in poorly differentiated areas the signal was less intense. These results show that HOXC6 was not involved in oral carcinogenesis while the presence of HOXA7 and TGIF transcripts in OSSC, mostly in well differentiated regions, suggests a participation of these genes in OSC

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Report of a case with 11 years` evolution and peculiar macroscopical and clinical characteristics

Central mucoepidermoid carcinomas (CMC) are uncommon tumours, comprising 2-3% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas reported. They have been reported in patients of all ages, ranging from 1 to 78-years, with the overwhelming majority occurring in the 4th and 5th decades of life. They are histologically low-grade cancers, usually affecting the mandible as uniocular or multiocular radiographic lesions. The authors report a case of CMC of the mandible with a long evolution, and peculiar clinical and macroscopical features related with the long term evolution of the disease. A 53-year-old male patient had expansion of buccal and lingual cortices of the anterior region of the mandible, covered by ulcerated mucosa, with 11 years evolution. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological findings confirm low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The patient was treated with a mandibulectomy, followed by supraomohyoid neck dissection. There was no evidence of local recurrence, regional or distant metastasis revealed; and the patient was alive and without disease after a follow-up interval of 36 months