IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISIS ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This paper aims to discusses in a critically manner the crisis and concludes that as far as the developing countries are concerned, a bit more optimism may be warranted. Although without doubt there are particular countries that will be adversely affected, there will also be countries that may be less affected, may avoid recession, and may recover sooner than expected. Finally, some options available to the developing countries for minimizing the impact of the crisis are discussed. The crisis accentuates the urgent need for accelerating financial development in developing countries, both through domestic financial deepening, domestic resource mobilization, and reform of the international financial system.financial crisis; developing countries; financial development

Spaces for agreement: a theory of time-stochastic dominance and an application to climate change

Many investments involve both a long time-horizon and risky returns. Making investment decisions thus requires assumptions about time and risk preferences. Such assumptions are frequently contested, particularly in the public sector, and there is no immediate prospect of universal agreement. Motivated by these observations, we develop a theory and method of finding ‘spaces for agreement’. These are combinations of classes of discount and utility function, for which one investment dominates another (or ‘almost’ does so), so that all decision-makers whose preferences can be represented by such combinations would agree on the option to be chosen. The theory is built on combining the insights of stochastic dominance on the one hand, and time dominance on the other, thus offering a nonparametric approach to inter-temporal, risky choice. We go on to apply the theory to the controversy over climate policy evaluation and show with the help of a popular simulation model that, in fact, even tough carbon emissions targets would be chosen by almost everyone, barring those with arguably ‘extreme’ preferences

The Use of Ultrasound in the Treatment Process of Wastewater. A review

In this paper, different types of ultrasound devices for the treatment process of wastewater are presented. The use of ultrasound in treatment processes is a method of perspective, an alternative to conventional methods. This technique is based  in the cavitation phenomenon that occurs in liquids at ultrasonic irradiation and it is used to enhance or ensure the processes of heat and mass transfer. Some of the main advantages of using ultrasound, namely low consumption of additional material or energy, are presented in this paper. The categories of the ultrasonic transmitters distinguished on the basis of the principle underlying the generation of acoustic waves are described

Treatment of Ammonia Wastewater by Ultrasound. Part I: The Influence of the Ultrasound Energy on the Ultrasound Bath Temperature

The industrial ammonia water decontamination depending on the sample temperature is monitored by this study. The treatment was conducted by the UP100S ultrasound generator (Hielscher Ultrasound Technology, Germany), operating at 30 kHz frequency and acoustic power densities of 90 W/cm2 and 460 W/cm2 respectively. The effect of sonication both on the bath temperature and ammonia removal, based on treatment time, is presented in this paper. Experiments were carried out according to different parameters, so as the sample temperature variation by ultrasonic treatment to be determined. Studied parameters were: the operating mode variation (continuous or intermittent), the additional aeration and the application of a cooling water serpentine. Based on the results, the ammonia removal efficiency is improved by the heating produced by the ultrasonic energy

Persistent Depressive Disorder: the Clinical Approach of the Patient Associating Depression and Dental Pathology - Case Report and Clinical Considerations

Growing research literature has documented an increased association between depression and dental problems. Patients with severe dental problems suffer from psychosocial consequences, distress and psychiatric problems.AIM: To emphasize the relationship between resistant depression and poor dental health.METHOD:  This case report demonstrates the association between resistant depression and poor dental health in a 46-year-old female patient. Scores on clinical assessment measures suggested clinically severe levels of anxiety, worry, stigmatization, depression, sleeping and eating disorders and decreased satisfaction in quality of life at the beginning of the intervention. The theoretical rationale and treatment implications are presented.RESULTS: The scores on all these measures improved at the end of the dental interventions and no intense remaining depressive symptoms were reported afterward. Increased scores on life satisfaction and quality of life were documented as well. This case illustrates the potential benefit of dental treatment associating psychiatric treatment. A definitively positive association exists between poor dental health and depression. Once simultaneous treatment is initiated, there are chances for patients to have a positive evolution and social reinsertion.CONCLUSION: The high occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress among patients with dental problems highlights the importance of providing support programs and implementing preventive measures to anticipate and help persons with this type of pathology, particularly those who are most susceptible to higher levels of these psychological conditions.</p

Economic analysis of selected climate impacts

Climate change damages the capital stock, affects economic production and the welfare of households in regions suffering the impact or that are economically linked with them. These economic effects have been quantified for seven climate impact categories: river floods, coastal floods, agriculture, energy supply, droughts, windstorms and human mortality. Due to the limited coverage of climate impacts, the assessment does not evaluate the full economic impacts of climate change in Europe. Human mortality from temperature extremes dominate the economic climate impacts, yet its contribution is strongly dependent on the monetary valuation of human lives. The magnitude of welfare losses in the Southern regions (Central Europe South and Southern Europe) is estimated to be several times larger compared to that in the North of Europe. Limiting warming to 2C would halve economic impacts compared to a 3C scenario, while achieving the stringent Paris target of 1.5C would lower welfare loss by 75%.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

POTEnCIA model description - version 0.9

This report lays out the modelling approach that is implemented in the POTEnCIA modelling tool (Policy Oriented Tool for Energy and Climate Change Impact Assessment) and describes its analytical capabilities. POTEnCIA is a modelling tool for the EU energy system that follows a hybrid partial equilibrium approach. It combines behavioural decisions with detailed techno-economic data, therefore allowing for an analysis of both technology-oriented policies and of those addressing behavioural change. Special features and mechanisms are introduced in POTEnCIA in order to appropriately reflect the implications of an uptake of novel energy technologies and of changing market structures, allowing for the robust assessment of ambitious policy futures for the EU energy system. The model runs on an annual basis with a typical projection timeline to 2050.JRC.J.1-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

Climate change impacts and adaptation in Europe

The JRC PESETA IV study shows that ecosystems, people and economies in the EU will face major impacts from climate change if we do not urgently mitigate greenhouse gas emissions or adapt to climate change. The burden of climate change shows a clear north-south divide, with southern regions in Europe much more impacted, through the effects of extreme heat, water scarcity, drought, forest fires and agriculture losses. Limiting global warming to well below 2°C would considerably reduce climate change impacts in Europe. Adaptation to climate change would further minimize unavoidable impacts in a cost-effective manner, with considerable co-benefits from nature-based solutions.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

The influence of social networks on teenagers' lifestyles: The danger of mixing "likes" with health

La adolescencia se trata de una época muy complicada del desarrollo, donde presentan mucha curiosidad para descubrir el mundo y descubrirse ellos mismos, formando una identidad que les diferenciará de los demás y que los acompañará para el resto de su vida. Además, durante esta etapa se encuentran en pleno desarrollo madurativo de la corteza prefrontal, haciendo que en ocasiones no tengan en cuenta la peligrosidad que supone alguna de las decisiones que toman para buscar la aceptación de un grupo de iguales. Asimismo, durante esta etapa más de un 90% de este grupo utiliza las redes sociales diariamente como método de entretenimiento o comunicación con los demás. Por tanto, se encuentran expuestos al contenido divulgado a través de las redes y los peligros que esto conlleva. La comunicación a través de las TIC y en especial a través de las redes sociales ha generado un cambio en la manera que tienen las personas de buscar, crear o intercambiar información y formar vínculos con los demás. Se tratan de un medio fácilmente accesible y gratuito en donde las personas pasan tiempo compartiendo sus experiencias y problemas de salud. No obstante, a pesar de la gran utilidad que muestran estas redes como método de difusión de información científica, no debemos dejarlo como único sistema de transmisión de consejos para la educación para la salud, sino combinarlo con otras intervenciones. Aunque gran parte de la población de todas las edades tenga acceso a ellas, otra parte como los más desfavorecidos o las personas de mayor edad no poseen esta facilidad de acceso, por lo que necesitamos que la información sea transmitida de otras maneras más asequibles a la población en general. El problema de que las redes sociales sean tan accesibles a toda la población es la inexistencia de un filtro para la información difundida a través de ellas creando así, en ocasiones, el efecto contrario al deseado: la desinformación. Por ello los profesionales de la salud deben actuar como moderadores para acabar con la información errónea en las redes e impulsar el contenido veraz propagado por aquellos que basan sus publicaciones en la evidencia científicaAdolescence is a complicated time of development, when they are very curious to discover the world and discover themselves, forming an identity that will differentiate them from others and that will accompany them for the rest of their lives. In addition, during this stage they are in full maturational development of the prefrontal cortex, making them sometimes not consider the danger of some of the decisions they make to seek the acceptance of a group of peers. Also, during this stage more than 90% of this group uses social networks daily as a method of entertainment or communication with others. Therefore, they are exposed to the content disseminated through the networks and the dangers that this entails. Communication through ICTs and especially through social networks has brought about a change in the way people search for, create or exchange information and form links with others. They are an easily accessible and free medium where people spend time sharing their experiences and health problems. However, despite the great usefulness of these networks as a method of disseminating scientific information, we should not leave it as the sole method of transmitting health education advice but combine it with other interventions. Although a large part of the population of all ages has access to them, another part, such as the most disadvantaged or the elderly, do not have this ease of access, so we need information to be transmitted in other ways that are more accessible to the general population. The problem with social networks being so accessible to the entire population is the lack of a filter for the information disseminated through them, thus sometimes creating the opposite effect to the desired one: misinformation. Health professionals must therefore act as moderators to put an end to misinformation on the networks and promote truthful content propagated by those who base their publications on scientific evidenceGrado en Enfermerí