Carbon-substitution effect on the electronic properties of MgB2_2 single crystals

The electronic properties of the carbon substituted MgB$_2$ single crystals are reported. The carbon substitution drops T$_c$ below 2 K. In-plane resistivity shows a remarkable increase in residual resistivity by C-substitution, while the change of in-plane/out-of-plane Hall coefficients is rather small. Raman scattering spectra indicate that the E$_{2g}$-phonon frequency radically hardens with increasing the carbon-content, suggesting the weakening of electron-phonon coupling. Another striking C-effect is the increases of the second critical fields in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, accompanied by a reduction in the anisotropy ratio. The possible changes in the electronic state and the origin of T$_c$-suppression by C-substitution are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure

Molecular and Genetic Determinants of Glioma Cell Invasion.

A diffusely invasive nature is a major obstacle in treating a malignant brain tumor, "diffuse glioma", which prevents neurooncologists from surgically removing the tumor cells even in combination with chemotherapy and radiation. Recently updated classification of diffuse gliomas based on distinct genetic and epigenetic features has culminated in a multilayered diagnostic approach to combine histologic phenotypes and molecular genotypes in an integrated diagnosis. However, it is still a work in progress to decipher how the genetic aberrations contribute to the aggressive nature of gliomas including their highly invasive capacity. Here we depict a set of recent discoveries involving molecular genetic determinants of the infiltrating nature of glioma cells, especially focusing on genetic mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and metabolic reprogramming downstream of common cancer mutations. The specific biology of glioma cell invasion provides an opportunity to explore the genotype-phenotype correlation in cancer and develop novel glioma-specific therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease

Mott gap excitations in twin-free YBa2Cu3O7-d (Tc = 93 K) studied by RIXS

Mott gap excitations in the high-Tc superconductor of the optimal doped YBa2Cu3O7-d (Tc = 93 K) have been studied by the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering method. Anisotropic spectra in the ab-plane are observed in a twin-free crystal. The excitation from the one-dimensional CuO chain is enhanced at 2 eV near the zone boundary of the b* direction, while the excitation from the CuO2 plane is broad at 1.5-4 eV and almost independent of the momentum transfer. Theoretical calculation based on the one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hubbard model reproduces the observed spectra by taking the different parameters of the on-site Coulomb energy. The fact of the Mott gap of the CuO chain site is much smaller than that of CuO2 plane site is observed for the first time

Oxygen Phonon Branches in Detwinned YBa2Cu3O7

We report results of inelastic neutron scattering measurements of phonon dispersions on a detwinned sample of YBaCu3O7 and compare them with model calculations. Plane oxygen bond stretching phonon branches disperse steeply downwards from the zone center in both the a and the b direction indicating a strong electron-phonon coupling. Half way to the zone boundary, the phonon peaks become ill-defined but we see no need to invoke unit cell doubling or charge stripe formation: lattice dynamical shell model calculations predict such behavior as a result of branch anticrossings. There were no observable superconductivity-related temperature effects on selected plane oxygen bond stretching modes measured on a twinned sample.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, To appear in Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of MOS2002; Revised version (1) with many changes throughout the tex

Superconducting gap of overdoped Tl2Ba2CuO6+d observed by Raman scattering

We report Raman scattering spectra for single crystals of overdoped Tl2Ba2CuO6+d (Tl-2201) at low temperatures. It was observed that the pair-breaking peaks in A1g and B1g spectra radically shift to lower energy with carrier doping. We interpret it as s-wave component mixing into d-wave, although the crystal structure is tetragonal. Since similar phenomena were observed also in YBa2Cu3Oy and Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oz, we conclude that s-wave mixing is a common property for overdoped high-Tc superconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of SNS200

Universal observation of multiple order parameters in cuprate superconductors

The temperature dependence of the London penetration depth \lambda was measured for an untwined single crystal of YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta} along the three principal crystallographic directions (a, b, and c). Both in-plane components (\lambda_a and \lambda_b) show an inflection point in their temperature dependence which is absent in the component along the c-direction (\lambda_c). The data provide convincing evidence that the in-plane superconducting order parameter is a mixture of s+d-wave symmetry whereas it is exclusively s-wave along the c-direction. In conjunction with previous results it is concluded that coupled s+d-order parameters are universal and intrinsic to cuprate superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Dispersion of Magnetic Excitations in Superconducting Optimally Doped YBa_2Cu_3O_6.95

Detailed neutron scattering measurements of YBa_2Cu_3O_6.95 found that the resonance peak and incommensurate magnetic scattering induced by superconductivity represent the same physical phenomenon: two dispersive branches that converge near 41 meV and the in-plane wave-vector q_af=(pi/a, pi/a) to form the resonance peak. One branch has a circular symmetry around q_af and quadratic downward dispersion from ~41 meV to the spin gap of 33+-1meV. The other, of lower intensity, disperses from ~41 meV to at least 55 meV. Our results exclude a quartet of vertical incommensurate rods in q-w space expected from spin waves produced by dynamical charge stripes as an origin of the observed incommensurate scattering in optimally-doped YBCO.Comment: Version 3: Author change. Changes made throughout the text and minor changes in figures, Model parameters slightly changed after a small error in the calculation was discovere

Land-Based Mitigation Strategies under the Mid-Term Carbon Reduction Targets in Indonesia

We investigated the key mitigation options for achieving the mid-term target for carbon emission reduction in Indonesia. A computable general equilibrium model coupled with a land-based mitigation technology model was used to evaluate specific mitigation options within the whole economic framework. The results revealed three primary findings: (1) If no climate policy were implemented, Indonesia’s total greenhouse gas emissions would reach 3.0 GtCO2eq by 2030; (2) To reduce carbon emissions to meet the latest Intended Nationally-Determined Contributions (INDC) target, ~58% of total reductions should come from the agriculture, forestry and other land use sectors by implementing forest protection, afforestation and plantation efforts; (3) A higher carbon price in 2020 suggests that meeting the 2020 target would be economically challenging, whereas the INDC target for 2030 would be more economically realistic in Indonesia