Elementos espirituais, simbólicos e afetivos na construção da escola mbyá guarani

Historicamente a escola foi imposta aos povos indígenas, por vezes de forma violenta. Porém, quando inserida ao cotidiano das aldeias e conduzida de acordo com os preceitos de cada povo, em muitos aspectos é apropriada por esses coletivos. No processo de construção da escola específica, diferenciada e intercultural, o povo mbyá guarani vive um momento de reflexão acerca dessa instituição educativa. Este artigo aprofunda reflexões sobre o processo de construção da escola a partir de observações e convivências realizadas em aldeias mbyá guarani do Rio Grande do Sul. Por meio de intensa etnografia que registrou vivências, diálogos e reflexões dentro e fora da escola, foram observadas as dimensões da espiritualidade e da afetividade na aprendizagem cognitiva, no desenvolvimento de habilidades e na internalização de valores. Estes elementos são aqui apresentados na forma de um diálogo com a educação proposta pelo paradigma indígena comunitário do Bem viver, mostrados como potencialidades para a construção da escola específica, diferenciada e intercultural. A vida mbyá guarani apresenta elementos vivenciais complexos, presentes nos processos educacionais próprios e consolidam uma continuidade milenar. No entanto, precisam também se constituir como fundamento na construção da escola diferenciada, contribuindo para uma afirmação cultural, junto ao acesso a tecnologias e conhecimentos de outras culturas. A espiritualidade, a sensibilidade, o simbolismo, a vivência e a arte constituem alguns elementos que estão se inserindo na construção da escola mbyá guarani por serem fundamentais na educação desse povo.The school has historically been imposed on indigenous peoples, in some cases through violence. However, when school is included in villages\u27 daily lives and does not go against the precepts of each community, it is in many ways suitable for these collectives. In the process of constructing a specific, differentiated and intercultural school, the Mbyá-Guarani people are going through a time of reflection regarding this educational institution. This article deepens reflections on the process of constructing the school based on observations and first-hand experiences in the Mbyá-Guarani villages of Rio Grande do Sul state. Dimensions of spirituality and affectivity in cognitive learning, skills development and internalization of values were observed through intense ethnography that involved recording experiences, dialogues and reflections inside and outside school. These elements are presented here in the form of a dialogue with the education proposed by the indigenous community paradigm of Living well, which are shown as possibilities for constructing a specific, differentiated and intercultural school. Mbyá-Guarani life involves complex existential elements that are present in their own educational processes and that consolidate an ancient continuity. However, they must also be a foundation for constructing the school, contributing to a cultural affirmation, along with access to the technology and knowledge of other cultures. Spirituality, sensitivity, symbolism, experience, and art are some of the elements that are being inserted into the construction of the Mbyá-Guarani school as essencial aspects in the education of this people

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora