Off-axis retrieval of orbital angular momentum of light stored in cold atoms

We report on the storage of orbital angu- lar momentum (OAM) of light of a Laguerre-Gaussian mode in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms and its re- trieval along an axis different from the incident light beam. We employed a time-delayed four-wave mixing configuration to demonstrate that at small angle (2o), after storage, the retrieved beam carries the same OAM as the one encoded in the input beam. A calculation based on mode decomposition of the retrieved beam over the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is in agreement with the experimental observations done at small angle values. However, the calculation shows that the OAM retrieving would get lost at larger angles, reducing the fidelity of such storing-retrieving process. In addition, we have also observed that by applying an external magnetic field to the atomic ensemble the retrieved OAM presents Larmor oscillations, demonstrating the possibility of its manipulation and off-axis retrieval.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Eletroforese de isoenzimas de plântulas na identificação de espécies de Brachiaria.

Lotes de sementes de braquiaria comercializados no Brasil vem apresentando contaminacoes som sementes de outras especies pertencentes ao mesmo genero. Deste modo, uma das especies de braquiaria atuaria como planta infestante da outra no agroecossistema e a erradicacao da especie infestante seria dificultada pela agressividade caracteristca do genero e pela falta de seletividade dos herbecidas disponiveis no mercado

Simulated ecology-driven sympatric speciation

We introduce a multi-locus genetically acquired phenotype, submitted to mutations and with selective value, in an age-structured model for biological aging. This phenotype describes a single-trait effect of the environment on an individual, and we study the resulting distribution of this trait among the population. In particular, our simulations show that the appearance of a double phenotypic attractor in the ecology induces the emergence of a stable polymorphism, as observed in the Galapagos finches. In the presence of this polymorphism, the simulations generate short-term speciation, when mating preferences are also allowed to suffer mutations and acquire selective value.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, uses package RevTe

Bit-String Models for Parasex

We present different bit-string models of haploid asexual populations in which individuals may exchange part of their genome with other individuals (parasex) according to a given probability. We study the advantages of this parasex concerning population sizes, genetic fitness and diversity. We find that the exchange of genomes always improves these features.Comment: 12 pages including 7 figure

Cosmic String Network Evolution in arbitrary Friedmann-Lemaitre models

We use the velocity-dependent one-scale model by Martins & Shellard to investigate the evolution of a GUT long cosmic string network in arbitrary Friedmann-Lemaitre models. Four representative models are used to show that in general there is no scaling solution. The implications for structure formation are briefly discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 postscript figures included, submitted to Phys. Rev.