Inflammation and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease and residual platelet reactivity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Albert Einstein HospitalUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasDuke University Medical Center Duke Clinical Research InstituteUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)UNIFESP, EPMFAPESP: 05/57710-3SciEL

Evaluation of Helicobacter pylory colonization by serologic test (IgG) and dyspepsia in volunteers from the countryside of Monte Negro, in the Brazilian western Amazon region

The present study intended to analyze the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori, IgG, and its relation to dyspepsia in a population from the western Amazon region. During the "Projeto Bandeira Científica", a University of São Paulo Medical School program, in Monte Negro's rural areas, state of Rondônia, 266 blood samples were collected from volunteers. The material was tested for IgG antibodies anti-Helicobacter pylori by ELISA method and the participants were also interviewed on dyspepsia, hygiene and social aspects. Participants aged between five and 81 years old (34 years on average), 149 (56%) were female and 117 (44%) male. We found 210 (78.9%) positive, 50 (18.8%) negative and six (2.3%) undetermined samples. Dyspeptic complaints were found in 226 cases (85.2%). There was no statistical association between dyspepsia and positive serology for H. pylori. We concluded that the seroprevalence in all age categories is similar to results found in other studies conducted in developing countries, including those from Brazil. On the other hand, the seroprevalence found in Monte Negro was higher than that reported in developed countries. As expected, there was a progressive increase in the positivity for H. pylori in older age groups.Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a soroprevalência do Helicobacter pylori, IgG, em população rural da Amazônia, e sua correlação com queixa dispéptica. No Projeto Bandeira Científica da FMUSP, em Monte Negro - RO, foram coletadas 266 amostras sangüíneas nos assentamentos rurais do município. Foram pesquisados anticorpos da classe IgG dirigidos contra Helicobacter pylori pelo método ELISA e aplicados questionários sobre dispepsia, aspectos sociais e epidemiológicos. Os pacientes tinham idades entre cinco e 81 anos (média de 34 anos); 149 (56%) do sexo feminino e 117 (44%) do sexo masculino. Foram encontradas 210 (78.9%) amostras positivas, 50 negativas (18.8%) e seis indeterminadas (2.3%). A queixa de dispepsia foi encontrada em 226 casos (85.2%). Não houve associação significativa entre os sintomas dispépticos e a soro positividade para H. pylori. Concluímos que a soro prevalência para todas as faixas etárias é comparável com os resultados de outros estudos realizados em países em desenvolvimento, e maior que aquela encontrada nos países desenvolvidos. Houve aumento progressivo da positividade com a idade, como citado na literatura

Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of terlipressin or naloxone in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an experimental, randomized and controlled trial

Introdução: O prognóstico da parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) em ritmo não chocável (assistolia/atividade elétrica sem pulso) é ruim e não melhorou significativamente nas últimas décadas. Embora a epinefrina seja o vasopressor recomendado, há evidências de que ela eleva o consumo de oxigênio, reduz a pressão de perfusão subendocárdica, causa grave disfunção miocárdica e piora a microcirculação cerebral durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Vasopressina foi muito estudada nos últimos anos e não se mostrou superior à epinefrina. Naloxona e terlipressina têm sido cogitadas como potenciais vasopressores no tratamento da PCR, entretanto há poucos estudos publicados e os resultados são controversos e inconclusivos. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos da terlipressina ou naloxona na PCR induzida por hipóxia e compará-las com o tratamento-padrão (epinefrina ou vasopressina). Métodos: Estudo experimental, randomizado, cego e controlado. Ratos Wistar adultos, machos, foram anestesiados, submetidos a traqueostomia e ventilados mecanicamente. A PCR foi induzida por obstrução da traqueia e mantida por 3,5 minutos. Em seguida, os animais foram ressuscitados de forma padronizada e randomizados em um dos grupos: placebo (n = 7), vasopressina (n = 7), epinefrina (n = 7), naloxona (n = 7) ou terlipressina (n = 21). Variáveis hemodinâmicas foram monitorizadas durante todo o experimento (via cateter intra-arterial e intraventricular) e mensuradas na base, no 10o (T10), 20o (T20), 30o (T30), 45o (T45) e 60o (T60) minutos pós-PCR. Amostras de sangue arterial foram coletadas para gasometria, hemoglobina, bioquímica e lactato em quatro momentos [base, 11o (T11), 31o (T31), e 59o (T59) minutos pós-PCR]. Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos e não houve diferença significativa entre eles nas variáveis de base. O retorno da circulação espontânea ocorreu em 57% dos animais no grupo placebo (4 de 7) e 100% nos demais grupos (p = 0,002). A ! sobrevida em 1 hora foi de 57% no grupo placebo, 71,4% no grupo epinefrina, 90,5% no grupo terlipressina e de 100% nos demais grupos. Comparado com o grupo epinefrina, o grupo terlipressina teve maiores valores de PAM no T10 (164 vs 111 mmHg; p = 0,02), T20 (157 vs 97 mmHg; p < 0,0001), T30 (140 vs 67 mmHg; p < 0,0001), T45 (117 vs 67 mmHg; p = 0,002) e T60 (98 vs 62 mmHg; p = 0,026). O lactato arterial no grupo naloxona foi significativamente menor quando comparado ao grupo epinefrina, no T11 (5,15 vs 8,82 mmol/L), T31 (2,57 vs 5,24 mmol/L) e T59 (2,1 vs 4,1 mmol/L)[p = 0,002]. Ao longo da 1a hora pós-PCR, o grupo naloxona apresentou o melhor perfil do excesso de bases (-7,78 mmol/L) quando comparado ao grupo epinefrina (-12,78 mmol/L; p = 0,014) e ao grupo terlipressina (-11,31 mmol/L; p = 0,024). Conclusões: Neste modelo de PCR induzida por hipóxia em ratos, terlipressina e naloxona foram eficazes como vasopressores na RCP e apresentaram melhor perfil metabólico que a epinefrina. A terlipressina resultou em uma maior estabilidade hemodinâmica na 1a hora pós-PCR comparada com a epinefrina ou a vasopressina. Os efeitos metabólicos favoráveis da naloxona não são explicados pelos valores da PAMIntroduction: The prognosis of cardiac arrest (CA) with nonshockable rhythm (asystole/pulseless electrical activity) is poor and not improved significantly in recent decades. Epinephrine is the most commonly used vasopressor, although there is evidence that its use correlates with myocardial dysfunction and worsens the cerebral microcirculation. Vasopressin has been widely studied in recent years and was not superior to epinephrine. Naloxone and terlipressin have been considered as potential vasopressors in the treatment of CA, however, there are few published studies and the results are controversial and inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of terlipressin or naloxone in CA induced by hypoxia and compare with standard treatment with epinephrine or vasopressin. Methods: Experimental, randomized, blinded and controlled trial. Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized, the proximal trachea was surgically exposed, and a 14-gauge cannula was inserted 10 mm into the trachea to the larynx. They were mechanically ventilated and monitored. The CA was induced by tracheal obstruction and maintained for 3.5 minutes. Subsequently, the animals were resuscitated using standard maneuvers and randomized to one of groups: placebo (n=7), vasopressin (n=7), epinephrine (n=7), naloxone (n=7) or terlipressin (n=21). Hemodynamic variables were monitored throughout the study (intra-arterial and intra-ventricular catheter) and measured at baseline, in the 10th (T10), 20th (T20), 30th (T30), 45th (T45) and 60th (T60) minute post-cardiac arrest. Arterial blood samples were collected for hemoglobin, biochemistry, blood gases and lactate at four moments: baseline, 11th (T11), 31st (T31) and 59th (T59) minute post-cardiac arrest. Results: The groups were homogenous and there were no significant differences among them regarding the baseline variables. The return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in 57% of the animals (4 of 7) in the placebo group and in 100% in the ! other groups (P=0.002). One-hour survival was 57% in the placebo group, 71.4% in the epinephrine group, 90.5% in the terlipressin and 100% in the naloxone group. Compared with the epinephrine group, the terlipressin groups had a significantly higher MAP at the T10 (164 x 111 mmHg; P=0.02), T20 (157 x 97 mmHg; P<0.0001), T30 (140 x 67 mmHg; P=0.0001), T45 (117 x 67 mmHg; P=0.002) and T60 (98 x 62 mmHg; P= 0.026). The blood lactate in naloxone group was significantly lower when compared to epinephrine group in the T11 (5.15 x 8.82 mmol/L), T31 (2.57 x 5.24 mmol/L) and T59 (2.1 x 4.1)[P=0.002]. Along the first hour after cardiac arrest, the naloxone group showed the best profile of base excess (- 7.78 mmol/L) when compared to epinephrine (-12.78 mmol/L, P= 0.014) and terlipressin group (-11.31 mmol/L, P=0.024). Conclusions: In this model of CA induced by hypoxia in rats, terlipressin and naloxone were effective as vasopressors in resuscitation and had better metabolic profile compared to epinephrine. Terlipressin resulted in higher hemodynamic stability in the first hour after CA and significantly better than epinephrine or vasopressin. The favorable metabolic effects of naloxone are not explained by the values of MA

CEREBRAL VASCULITIS CAUSED BY ASPERGILLUS SIMULATING ISCHEMIC STROKE IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT

Although Aspergillus is widespread, clinically significant disease is rare in immunocompetent patients. We present a case of an otherwise healthy individual who developed cerebral vasculitis and stroke symptoms from Aspergillus, to raise awareness of this entity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc.Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazi

Avaliação da colonização por Helicobacter pylori através de teste sorológico (IgG) e de dispepsia em voluntários da população rural de Monte Negro (RO), região da Amazônia ocidental

The present study intended to analyze the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori, IgG, and its relation to dyspepsia in a population from the western Amazon region. During the "Projeto Bandeira Científica", a University of São Paulo Medical School program, in Monte Negro's rural areas, state of Rondônia, 266 blood samples were collected from volunteers. The material was tested for IgG antibodies anti-Helicobacter pylori by ELISA method and the participants were also interviewed on dyspepsia, hygiene and social aspects. Participants aged between five and 81 years old (34 years on average), 149 (56%) were female and 117 (44%) male. We found 210 (78.9%) positive, 50 (18.8%) negative and six (2.3%) undetermined samples. Dyspeptic complaints were found in 226 cases (85.2%). There was no statistical association between dyspepsia and positive serology for H. pylori. We concluded that the seroprevalence in all age categories is similar to results found in other studies conducted in developing countries, including those from Brazil. On the other hand, the seroprevalence found in Monte Negro was higher than that reported in developed countries. As expected, there was a progressive increase in the positivity for H. pylori in older age groups.Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a soroprevalência do Helicobacter pylori, IgG, em população rural da Amazônia, e sua correlação com queixa dispéptica. No Projeto Bandeira Científica da FMUSP, em Monte Negro - RO, foram coletadas 266 amostras sangüíneas nos assentamentos rurais do município. Foram pesquisados anticorpos da classe IgG dirigidos contra Helicobacter pylori pelo método ELISA e aplicados questionários sobre dispepsia, aspectos sociais e epidemiológicos. Os pacientes tinham idades entre cinco e 81 anos (média de 34 anos); 149 (56%) do sexo feminino e 117 (44%) do sexo masculino. Foram encontradas 210 (78.9%) amostras positivas, 50 negativas (18.8%) e seis indeterminadas (2.3%). A queixa de dispepsia foi encontrada em 226 casos (85.2%). Não houve associação significativa entre os sintomas dispépticos e a soro positividade para H. pylori. Concluímos que a soro prevalência para todas as faixas etárias é comparável com os resultados de outros estudos realizados em países em desenvolvimento, e maior que aquela encontrada nos países desenvolvidos. Houve aumento progressivo da positividade com a idade, como citado na literatura

The role of pneumonia scores in the emergency room in patients infected by 2009 H1N1 infection

Despite the severity of pneumonia in patients with pandemic influenza A infection (H1N1), no validated risk scores associated with H1N1 pneumonia were tested. In this prospective observational study, we analyzed data of consecutive patients in our emergency room, hospitalized because of pneumonia between July and August 2009 in a public hospital in Brazil. The following pneumonia scoring systems were applied: the SMART-COP rule; the Pneumonia Severity Index; and the CURB-65 rule. Of 105 patients with pneumonia, 53 had H1N1 infection. Among them, only 9.5% that had a low risk according to SMART-COP were admitted to ICU, compared with 36.8% of those with the Pneumonia Severity Index score of 1-2 and 49% of those with CURB-65 score of 0-1. The SMART-COP had an accuracy of 83% to predict ICU admission. The SMART-COP rule presented the best performance to indicate ICU admission in patients with H1N1 pneumonia. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 19: 200-202 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins