Vanhempien kokemuksia moniammatillisesta yhteistyöstä lapsen koululykkäykseen liittyen

Tiivistelmä. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää, miten vanhemmat ovat kokeneet moniammatillisen yhteistyön lapsen koululykkäykseen liittyen. Aihetta on tärkeä tutkia, koska moniammatillinen yhteistyö tukee laadukkaan varhaiskasvatuksen ja esiopetuksen toteuttamista. Tutkielma tarjoaa tutkittua tietoa moniammatillisen yhteistyön haasteista ja mahdollisuuksista, jotta lapsen tuen tarpeen vastaamiseen voitaisiin ryhtyä jo varhaisessa vaiheessa. Tutkielman teoriaosuudessa tarkastellaan kouluvalmiutta, sen määrittelyä ja viimeaikaisia tutkimuksia aiheesta. Kouluvalmiuden määrittely on haasteellista sen erilaisten tulkintojen vuoksi. Teoriaosuudessa käsitellään lisäksi kasvatusyhteistyötä vanhempien ja kasvatushenkilöiden välillä sekä yhteistyön merkitystä laajemmin. Kasvatusyhteistyöllä tarkoitetaan lapsen kasvun ja kehityksen tukemista yhteistyössä vanhempien ja lasten kanssa työskentelevän kasvatushenkilöstön kanssa. Lopuksi syvennytään moniammatilliseen yhteistyöhön, jonka tavoitteena on lapsen monipuolinen tukeminen vanhempien, kasvatushenkilöstön ja asiantuntijoiden, kuten erityisopettajan, psykologin, puhe- ja toimintaterapeutin kanssa yhteistyössä. Moniammatillisen yhteistyön yhteydessä tarkastellaan lapsen kasvun ja oppimisen tuen kolmea tasoa, jotka ovat yleinen, tehostettu ja erityinen tuki. Teemahaastatteluaineisto analysoitiin fenomenografista analyysimenetelmää hyödyntäen. Haastatteluihin osallistui neljä (n=4) äitiä. Tutkimustulosten mukaan vanhemmilla on runsaasti toiveita ja odotuksia tuen saamiseksi, sillä heidän tavoitteenaan on saada omalle lapselleen mahdollisimman hyvä ja monipuolinen tukiverkosto lapsen kehityksen turvaamiseksi. Tuen saaminen ei kuitenkaan ole itsestäänselvyys; vanhemmilta vaaditaan aktiivisuutta ja oma-aloitteisuutta. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat vanhempien kokevan moniammatillisen yhteistyön merkittävänä lapsen kehityksen tukemisen näkökulmasta. Koululykkäysprosessin aikana vanhemmat kokevat saaneensa myös itse tietoa ja varmuutta lapsensa kasvun tukemiseen. Tutkimustulokset ovat hyödyksi, sillä niiden avulla kasvatushenkilöstön ymmärrys lapsen varhaisen tuen tarpeesta ja moniammatillisen yhteistyön tärkeydestä lisääntyy

A National Public Sphere? Analyzing the Language, Location, and Form of Newspapers in Finland, 1771–1917

This article uses metadata from serial publications as a means of modelling the historical development of the public sphere. Given that a great deal of historical knowledge is generated through narratives relying on anecdotal evidence, any attempt to rely on newspapers for modeling the past challenges customary approaches in political and cultural history. The focus in this article is on Finland, but our approach is also scalable to other regions. During the period 1771–1917 newspapers developed as a mass medium in the Grand Duchy of Finland within two imperial configurations (Sweden until 1809 and Russia in 1809–1917), and in the two main languages – Swedish and Finnish. Finland is an ideal starting point for conducting comparative studies in that its bilingual profile already includes two linguistically separated public spheres that nonetheless were heavily connected. Our particular interest here is in newspaper metadata, which we use to trace the expansion of public discourse in Finland by statistical means. We coordinate information on publication places, language, number of issues, number of words, newspaper size, and publishers, which we compare with existing scholarship on newspaper history and censorship, and thereby offer a more robust statistical analysis of newspaper publishing in Finland than has previously been possible. We specifically examine the interplay between the Swedish- and Finnish-language newspapers and show that, whereas the public discussions were inherently bilingual, the technological and journalistic developments advanced at different pace in the two language forums. This analysis challenges the perception of a uniform public sphere in the country. In addition, we assess the development of the press in comparison with the production of books and periodicals, which points toward the specialization of newspapers as a medium in the period after 1860. This confirms some earlier findings about Finnish print production. We then show how this specialization came about through the establishment of forums for local debates that other less localized print media such as magazines and books could not provide.</p

TwinTalks-DHN 2019 : Twin Talks Workshop at DHN 2019

This paper presents a collaboration between computer scientists, linguists and historians studying the material aspects of newspapers and developing a tool for that purpose. The paper describes how the back-and-forth collaboration in terms of research questions and technical challenges yielded insights both for solving computational problems as well as refining historical analysis. In the project, existing metadata was amended by reconstructing new materiality data from the Finnish digitised newspaper corpora. The analysis of such data is crucial for studying the development of newspapers, but can also inform other computational studies on the same data. The use of enriched materiality data allows for better understanding subdivisions in large corpora such as digitised newspapers, but also highlight that content and form interact. Content analysis of newspapers should therefore always take into account material properties of the studied material to properly grasp the cultural, social and political meanings embedded in the sources.</p

Real-world emissions of nanoparticles, particulate mass and black carbon from a plug-in hybrid vehicle compared to conventional gasoline vehicles

Among various Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) charged from the grid are seen as the most advanced ones, as they can drive dozens of kilometers using only the electric engine and thus producing less tailpipe greenhouse gas emissions than vehicles with internal combustion engines or other HEVs. The proportion of PHEVs among all vehicles is still relatively low but increasing rapidly in many countries. However, the real-world emissions from these novel hybrid technologies are not straightforward to estimate. This study investigates multiple properties of the particle emissions of a PHEV, with gasoline direct injection, GDI, compared to two conventional gasoline vehicles, one with port fuel injection, PFI and one with GDI. Distance-based emission factors (EFs) for each vehicle in various driving modes, including battery-hold and battery-charge driving modes for the PHEV, were analyzed. The results showed that the PHEV produced smaller particles in size, resulting that particle mass (PM) and black carbon (BC) were lower by factor of ten in comparison to EFs from the vehicles with PFI and GDI engines. The PHEV consistently emitted lower distance-based EFs than the PFI and GDI vehicles in all driving modes, though EF for particle number (PN) in battery-charge mode was close to the EFs from the other two vehicles. The study also found that the vehicle cold start effect was present in the case of the shorter driving route but not as significant in the longer one. Overall, the study demonstrated that PHEVs could produce lower particle and BC emissions compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. The vehicle cold start and systematic combustion engine restart effects still can have significant impacts on particle emissions, especially in shorter trips