Butanol production in a first-generation Brazilian sugarcane biorefinery: Technical aspects and economics of greenfield projects

AbstractThe techno-economics of greenfield projects of a first-generation sugarcane biorefinery aimed to produce ethanol, sugar, power, and n-butanol was conducted taking into account different butanol fermentation technologies (regular microorganism and mutant strain with improved butanol yield) and market scenarios (chemicals and automotive fuel). The complete sugarcane biorefinery with the batch acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation process was simulated using Aspen Plus®. The biorefinery was designed to process 2million tonne sugarcane per year and utilize 25%, 50%, and 25% of the available sugarcane juice to produce sugar, ethanol, and butanol, respectively. The investment on a biorefinery with butanol production showed to be more attractive [14.8% IRR, P(IRR>12%)=0.99] than the conventional 50:50 (ethanol:sugar) annexed plant [13.3% IRR, P(IRR>12%)=0.80] only in the case butanol is produced by an improved microorganism and traded as a chemical

Recommendations For The Treatment Of Migraine Attacks - A Brazilian Consensus

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.74326227

Dissecting EPPIN protease inhibitor domains in sperm motility and fertilizing ability: Repercussions for male contraceptive development

EPPIN (epididymal protease inhibitor) is a mammalian conserved sperm-binding protein displaying an N-terminal WFDC (whey-acidic protein four-disulfide core) and a C-terminal Kunitz protease inhibitor domains. EPPIN plays a key role in regulating sperm motility after ejaculation via interaction with the seminal plasma protein SEMG1 (semenogelin-1). EPPIN ligands targeting the SEMG1 binding site in the Kunitz domain are under development as male contraceptive drugs. Nevertheless, the relative contributions of EPPIN WFDC and Kunitz domains to sperm function remain obscure. Here, we evaluated the effects of antibodies targeting specific epitopes in EPPIN's WFDC (Q20E antibody, Gln20-Glu39 epitope) and Kunitz (S21C and F21C antibodies, Ser103-Cys123 and Phe90-C110 epitopes, respectively) domains on mouse sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Computer-assisted sperm analysis showed that sperm co-incubation with S21C antibody (but not F21C antibody) lowered progressive and hyperactivated motilities and impaired kinematic parameters describing progressive (straight-line velocity; VSL, average path velocity; VAP and straightness; STR) and vigorous sperm movements (curvilinear velocity; VCL, amplitude of lateral head movement; ALH, and linearity; LIN) compared with control. Conversely, Q20E antibody-induced milder inhibition of progressive motility and kinematic parameters (VAP, VCL and ALH). Sperm co-incubation with S21C or Q20E antibodies affected in vitro fertilization as revealed by reduced cleavage rates, albeit without changes in capacitation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. In conclusion, we show that targeting specific epitopes in EPPIN Kunitz and WFDC domains inhibits sperm motility and capacitation-associated events, which decrease their fertilizing ability; nevertheless, similar observations in vivo remain to be demonstrated. Simultaneously targeting residues in S21C and Q20E epitopes is a promising approach for the rational design of EPPIN-based ligands with spermostatic activity.Fil: Silva, Alan A. S.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Raimundo, Tamiris R. F.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Mariani, Noemia A. P.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Kushima, Hélio. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Avellar, Maria Christina W.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Buffone, Mariano Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Paula Lopes, Fabíola F.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Moura, Marcelo T.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Silva, Erick J. R.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

Recomendações para o tratamento da crise migranosa - Um consenso brasileiro

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.Neste artigo um grupo de especialistas no tratamento de cefaleia da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia através de um consenso elaborou medidas estratérgicas para tratar uma crise de migrânea tanto na criança como no adulto. Uma enfase particular foi dada no tratamento da migranea na mulher, incluindo gravidez, lactação e período perimenstrual.74326227

Características histológicas del hígado de la llama (Lama glama)

The aim of this study was to analyse the histological characteristics of the liver of the llama. Twenty adult llamas, males and females, with an average age of two years were studied. Samples were processed using the following techniques: haematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson's trichrome stain, reticulin, orcein, PAS, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The characteristics of the liver parenchyma and stroma were similar to those found in other mammals. However, interlobular connective tissue similar to that described for the genus Camelus was not observed. The differences in the liver of the species of the Camelus and Lama genuses showed the need to carry out studies of the organs in all species and highlights the importance of not generalizing from other species of the same family.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las características histológicas del hígado de la llama. Se estudiaron 20 llamas adultas, machos y hembras, con edad promedio de dos años. Las muestras fueron procesadas utilizando las técnicas de tinción con hematoxilina-eosina, tinción tricrómica de Masson, reticulina, orceína, PAS, inmunohistoquímicas y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Las características del parénquima y del estroma del hígado fueron similares a las encontradas en otros mamíferos. Sin embargo, no se observó tejido conectivo interlobulillar similar al descrito para el género Camelus. Las diferencias en el hígado de las especies del género Camelus y Lama demuestran la necesidad de realizar estudios de los órganos en todas las especies y destaca la importancia de no generalizar a partir de otras especies de la misma familia

Recomendações para o tratamento da crise migranosa - um consenso brasileiro

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period743262271Neste artigo um grupo de especialistas no tratamento de cefaleia da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia através de um consenso elaborou medidas estratérgicas para tratar uma crise de migrânea tanto na criança como no adulto. Uma enfase particular foi dada no tratamento da migranea na mulher, incluindo gravidez, lactação e período perimenstrua

Microvertebrates preserved in mammal burrows from the Holocene of the Argentine Pampas: a taphonomic and paleoecological approach

Microvertebrates are a major component of many assemblages recovered from the Quaternary of the Argentine Pampas. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the taphonomic history of a Holocene microfossil bonebed, recovered from the infilling of a burrow. Evidences suggest the plains vizcacha Lagostomus maximus as the putative producer of the burrow. The assemblage includes individuals belonging to different taxa of mammals (marsupials and rodents) and reptiles (snakes). Taphonomic features suggest that the accumulation inside the burrow was related to flooding processes in the plain. The burrow was a natural trap that favoured the accumulation and preservation of remains corresponding to individuals from different sources. According to the taphonomic evidence, some individuals (Lagostomus maximus, Lestodelphys halli and Serpentes indet.) died inside the burrow, whereas others (Microcavia australis, Reithrodon auritus and Ctenomys sp.) died outside the burrow, and after a time of being exposed on the surface their remains were transported by surface run-offs into the burrow. The record of Lestodelphys halli and Serpentes indet. in the burrow produced by Lagostomus maximus could be related to a circumstantial use. Mammal burrows are a significant taphonomic mode for the late Cenozoic of the Argentine Pampas