IAG/ISYS

This work addresses the question of supporting web designers in considering usability in their work in order to foster user-centered design of web sites. With the MetroWeb tool that is described in this paper, designers can access usability guidelines contained in usability knowledge bases, and use them to design a particular web site based on these usability guidelines. MetroWeb consists of a Java-based application helping usability experts to gather usability guidelines coming from different sources and to organize them in a structured way. It then provides designers with guidance in using these guidelines according to a semantic network of concepts structured around the notion of guideline, such as ergonomic criteria, development phase, bibliographic reference, type of web site, type of web page, etc. A first experiment was conducted with professional web designers in order to evaluate their appreciation of the MetroWeb tool. They had to create two web pages with or without the support of MetroWeb. The main results showed that designers using MetroWeb took into account more usability guidelines and made web pages with less usability errors than designers without MetroWeb. 1

Iaoos Observations of Aerosols and Clouds in the High Arctic by Autonomous Drifting Lidar Platforms

New drifting platforms have been deployed within the French project IAOOS (Ice-Atmosphere-Ocean Observing System) in the Arctic since 2014. Radiation and meteorological parameters are measured at the surface and profiles of aerosol and cloud properties are obtained with autonomous backscatter lidar systems. These platforms are indeed equipped for ocean-ice-atmosphere studies over the Arctic to better understand processes and interactions controlling sea-ice changes [1]. As stations in the Arctic are sparse, they can also be used as reference measurements for satellite observations. They are deployed in the Arctic almost every year and allow to perform regular measurements of the vertical structure and optical properties of the atmosphere in complement to satellite observations. Other data on snow, ice and ocean are simultaneously measured. Comparisons were made with CALIPSO/CALIOP observations. Measurements on the atmosphere are presented and results are discussed

Broadening the scope of Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase activities toward α,β-unsaturated ketones: a promising route to chiral enol-lactones and ene-lactones

International audienc

MetroWeb: a Tool to Support Guideline-Based Web Evaluation

In this paper, we present the first version of the MetroWeb tool designed to manage usability knowledge and to exploit this knowledge throughout evaluation process phases. The tool supports usability knowledge manipulation in general and specifically supports heuristic inspection. The usability evaluation process supported by the tool is decomposed into 4 main phases: planning, assessment, finalisation and follow-up

Aerosol monitoring in Siberia using an 808 nm automatic compact lidar

Our study provides new information on aerosol-type seasonal variability and sources in Siberia using observations (ground-based lidar and sun photometer combined with satellite measurements). A micropulse lidar emitting at 808&thinsp;nm provided almost continuous aerosol backscatter measurements for 18 months (April 2015 to September 2016) in Siberia, near the city of Tomsk (56∘&thinsp;N, 85∘&thinsp;E). A total of 540 vertical profiles (300 daytime and 240 night-time) of backscatter ratio and aerosol extinction have been retrieved over periods of 30&thinsp;min, after a careful calibration factor analysis. Lidar ratio and extinction profiles are constrained with sun-photometer aerosol optical depth at 808&thinsp;nm (AOD808) for 70&thinsp;% of the daytime lidar measurements, while 26&thinsp;% of the night-time lidar ratio and AOD808 greater than 0.04 are constrained by direct lidar measurements at an altitude greater than 7.5&thinsp;km and where a low aerosol concentration is found. An aerosol source apportionment using the Lagrangian FLEXPART model is used in order to determine the lidar ratio of the remaining 48&thinsp;% of the lidar database. Backscatter ratio vertical profile, aerosol type and AOD808 derived from micropulse lidar data are compared with sun-photometer AOD808 and satellite observations (CALIOP space-borne lidar backscatter and extinction profiles, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD550 and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO column) for three case studies corresponding to the main aerosol sources with AOD808&gt;0.2 in Siberia. Aerosol typing using the FLEXPART model is consistent with the detailed analysis of the three case studies. According to the analysis of aerosol sources, the occurrence of layers linked to natural emissions (vegetation, forest fires and dust) is high (56&thinsp;%), but anthropogenic emissions still contribute to 44&thinsp;% of the detected layers (one-third from flaring and two-thirds from urban emissions). The frequency of dust events is very low (5&thinsp;%). When only looking at AOD808&gt;0.1, contributions from taiga emissions, forest fires and urban pollution become equivalent (25&thinsp;%), while those from flaring and dust are lower (10&thinsp;%–13&thinsp;%). The lidar data can also be used to assess the contribution of different altitude ranges to the large AOD. For example, aerosols related to the urban and flaring emissions remain confined below 2.5&thinsp;km, while aerosols from dust events are mainly observed above 2.5&thinsp;km. Aerosols from forest fire emissions are observed to be the opposite, both within and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL).</p