Procena in vitro aktivacije proizvodnje azot oksida kao odgovor bovinih epitelnih ćelija endometrijuma i vagine i mononuklearnih krvnih ćelija na Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Ureaplasma diversum

Genital mycoplasmosis is a condition present in bovine production systems, and the most important agents involved are Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum. Some aspects of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study was designed in order to evaluate their ability to stimulate mononuclear cells from the endometrium, vagina and peripheral blood of cycling and healthy cows to produce nitric oxide (NO). Cellular cultures of endometrial, vaginal and peripheral blood cells from 33 healthy cows were cultivated with Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum originated from the 4th passage in culture broth and the NO production was measured by the Greiss reaction. Confi rmation of the presence of mononuclear cells and of the agents during and after the NO assay was done by Giemsa stained smears and further cultivation and detection by PCR reaction. Mononuclear cells from all samples produced NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulated higher NO production than the others (p<0.05). Endometrial cells produced less NO than vaginal or blood cultured cells. In conclusion, it seems that Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum are able to activate mononuclear cells and induce the production of NO, thus suggesting that this pathway is elicited in response to the primary infection by these agents. More studies are necessary to verify why these agents remain in the bovine reproductive tract for long periods and how they reassume deleterious effects.Genitalna mikoplazmoza je stanje koje može biti prisutno u reproduktivnom sistemu goveda, a najznačajniji agensi koji je izazivaju su Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Ureaplasma diversum. Neki od aspekata patogeneze nisu još uvek u potpunosti razjašnjeni. Ova studija je kreirana kako bi se procenila njihova sposobnost stimulisanja mononuklearnih ć elija iz endometrijuma, vagine i periferne krvi krava u ciklusu i zdravih krava da proizvode azotni oksid (NO). Ć elijske kulture ć elija endometrijuma, vagine i periferne krvi 33 zdrave krave uzgajane su sa Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Ureaplasma diversum proisteklim iz 4 pasaže u bujonu, a proizvodnja NO merena je Greiss reakcijom. Potvrda prisustva mononuklearnih ć elija, kao i infektivnih agenasa tokom i posle određivanja NO, urađena je Giemsa bojenjem na razmazima, kao i daljom kultivacijom i detekcijom PCR reakcijom. Mononuklearne ć elije iz svih uzoraka proizvodile su NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulisala je već u proizvodnju NO od ostalih (

Study of follicular dynamic by real-time ultrasound in prepubertal Gir heifers

The objective of this research was to contribute for knowledge of reproduction physiology of Gir breed, throughout ultrasound study of follicular dynamic in prepubertal heifers. Follicular growth was monitored on 13 heifers during 42 consecutively days. It was identified a process of successive anovulatory follicular growth waves, with each wave showing a dominant follicle and a variable number of other smaller in size (subordinates). Those waves were variables in length and, for purpose of analysis, they were classified in three categories as follows: length waves class 1 (CO1: &lt;12 days), class 2 (CO2: 13-16 days) and class 3 (CO3: &gt;17 days). Forty-nine waves were analyzed: 6 CO1 (12.2%), 31 CO2 (63.3%) and 12 CO3 (24.5%). Differences among length of waves were observed, inclusive between those from the same female. In the CO1 class the average maximum diameter of dominant follicle was (P&lt;0.05) shorter (9.4±0.3 mm) than CO2 (10.4±0.2 mm) and CO3 (11.6±0.4 mm). The plateau and rates of growing and athrepsia of follicles were not different (P&lt;0.05) between CO classes. However, the CO3 plateau (2.9±0.5 days) was greater than CO1 (2.0±0.5 days) and CO2 (2.6±0.2 days). Similar characteristics on subordinate follicles were not different (P&lt;0.05) among CO classes