Physico-Chemical Characteristics and antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds and oil of Citrus aurantium Seeds from Northwest Algeria

Sour orange (Citrus aurantium) is a tree of the family of Rutaceae. It is cultivated today in many parts of the world; the fruit, leaves, twigs and flowers have numerous applications in food and perfumery. Citrus aurantium used in this study originate from Tlemcen in North East of Algeria.Our study focused firstly on the physicochemical analysis of seed oil of sour orange namely the determination of indices, fatty acids, vitamin E and polyphenols.Secondly we evaluated total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins of Citrus aurantium seeds and their antioxidant activity of using in vitro methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching test.The seeds oil contents is 38.21%, their fatty major acids were palmitic (26.85 %) and linoleic acid (38.29%). The physicochemical analysis of oil showed index values of density, acid value, ester value, saponification value and refractive index estimated respectively: 0926; 1.212, 190.39, 191.52, 1467.The quantitative estimation of Citrus aurantium seeds showed that content of polyphenol is 2.12 mg GA /g DW which the predominant part is represented by tannins (0.3 mg CE /g DW) followed by the flavonoids (0.076 mg CE /g DW). Our results demonstrate that all extracts have antioxidant capacity. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids showed the highest value of antioxidant activities for seed which might constitute an important source of natural antioxidants

Physico-Chemical Characteristics and antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds and oil of Citrus aurantium Seeds from Northwest Algeria

Sour orange (Citrus aurantium) is a tree of the family of Rutaceae. It is cultivated today in many parts of the world; the fruit, leaves, twigs and flowers have numerous applications in food and perfumery. Citrus aurantium used in this study originate from Tlemcen in North East of Algeria.Our study focused firstly on the physicochemical analysis of seed oil of sour orange namely the determination of indices, fatty acids, vitamin E and polyphenols.Secondly we evaluated total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins of Citrus aurantium seeds and their antioxidant activity of using in vitro methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching test.The seeds oil contents is 38.21%, their fatty major acids were palmitic (26.85 %) and linoleic acid (38.29%). The physicochemical analysis of oil showed index values of density, acid value, ester value, saponification value and refractive index estimated respectively: 0926; 1.212, 190.39, 191.52, 1467.The quantitative estimation of Citrus aurantium seeds showed that content of polyphenol is 2.12 mg GA /g DW which the predominant part is represented by tannins (0.3 mg CE /g DW) followed by the flavonoids (0.076 mg CE /g DW). Our results demonstrate that all extracts have antioxidant capacity. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids showed the highest value of antioxidant activities for seed which might constitute an important source of natural antioxidants

High prevalence of and potential mechanisms for chronic kidney disease in patients with acute intermittent porphyria

International audienceAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a genetic disorder of the synthesis of heme caused by a deficiency in hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), leading to the overproduction of the porphyrin precursors δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and biological characteristics, the renal pathology, and the cellular mechanisms of chronic kidney disease associated with AIP. A total of 415 patients with HMBS deficiency followed up in the French Porphyria Center were enrolled in 2003 in a population-based study. A follow-up study was conducted in 2013, assessing patients for clinical, biological, and histological parameters. In vitro models were used to determine whether porphyrin precursors promote tubular and endothelial cytotoxicity. Chronic kidney disease occurred in up to 59% of the symptomatic AIP patients, with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate of~1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 annually. Proteinuria was absent in the vast majority of the cases. The renal pathology was a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy, associated with a fibrous intimal hyperplasia and focal cortical atrophy. Our experimental data provide evidence that porphyrin precursors promote endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and epithelial phenotypic changes in proximal tubular cells. In conclusion, the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease associated with AIP should be considered in cases of chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy and/or focal cortical atrophy with severe proliferative arteriosclerosis