Rigid Rotor as a Toy Model for Hodge Theory

We apply the superfield approach to the toy model of a rigid rotor and show the existence of the nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations, under which, the kinetic term and action remain invariant. Furthermore, we also derive the off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting (anti-) co-BRST symmetry transformations, under which, the gauge-fixing term and Lagrangian remain invariant. The anticommutator of the above nilpotent symmetry transformations leads to the derivation of a bosonic symmetry transformation, under which, the ghost terms and action remain invariant. Together, the above transformations (and their corresponding generators) respect an algebra that turns out to be a physical realization of the algebra obeyed by the de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry. Thus, our present model is a toy model for the Hodge theory.Comment: LaTeX file, 22 page

Digestible threonine and its effects on growth performance, gut morphology and carcass characteristics in broiler Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Threonine is the third limiting amino acid in corn-soy-based poultry diets and has an important role in body and intestinal development of chicken. Although work on threonine (Thr) in chicken is well established, information about the effects of digestible threonine (dThr) on quail performance is limited. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the impact of increasing levels of dThr on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), gut health and carcass characteristics in meat-type quails. A total of 324 mixed-sex day-old quail were randomly allocated to three treatments with six replicates per treatment and 18 birds per replicate. There were three dietary treatments, namely control (C) with recommended levels of dThr according to the Brazilian Tables guidelines for Japanese quails: 10% dThr (C diet supplemented with 10% more dThr) and 20%dThr (C diet supplemented with 20% more dThr). At day 35 of the experiment, three birds from each pen were slaughtered. A duodenal sample was collected and preserved to evaluate gut health. The carcass characteristics were determined from the slaughtered birds. Total feed intake and average daily feed intake were higher in the C treatment than in 10% dThr. Final bodyweight (BW), weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly. The birds fed diets supplemented with 20% extra dThr had the highest final weight and bodyweight gain (BWG) compared with those birds that were fed on C and 10% dThr supplemented diets. Feed conversion ratio was improved in 10% dThr compared with the C birds. Villus height (VH) was similar among treatments. The highest crypt depth (CD) was observed in C, followed by 10% dThr and 20% dThr. The birds fed 20% dThr had higher VH:CD than 10% dThr. The birds in the C treatment had lowest VH:CD. Carcass weights with and without giblets were higher in the 20% dThr than in the 10% dThr and C treatments. Breast mass yield (BMY) was greatest in 20% dThr compared with C and 10% dThr. It may be concluded that supplementation of Thr higher than the requirements referred to in Brazilian Tables improves growth performance and gut health of meat-type quail.Keywords: Crypt depth, mucin, performance, quail, villus heigh

Industrial Revolution and Environmental Sustainability: An Analytical Interpretation of Research Constituents in Industry 4.0

Purpose – Environmental sustainability is quickly becoming one of the most critical issues in industry development. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review through which the author can provide various research areas to work on for future researchers and provide insight into industry 4.0 and environmental sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – This study accomplishes this by performing a backward analysis using text mining on the Scopus database. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) was used to analyze the corpus of 4,364 articles published between 2013 and 2023. The authors generated 10 clusters using keywords in the industrial revolution and environmental sustainability domain, highlighting ten research avenues for further exploration. Findings – In this study, three research questions discuss the role of environmental sustainability with industry 4.0. The author predicted 10 clusters treated as recent trends on which more insight is required from future researchers. The authors provided year-wise analysis, top authors, top countries, top sources, and network analysis related to the topic. Finally, the study provided industrialization's effect on environmental sustainability and the future aspect of automation. Originality/value – This research is the first-ever study in which a natural language processing technique is implemented to predict future research areas based on the keywords-document relationship

Industrial Revolution and Smart Farming: A Critical Analysis of Research Components in Industry 4.0

Purpose of the Research: The domains of Industry 4.0 and Smart Farming encompass the application of digitization, automation, and data-driven decision-making principles to revolutionize conventional sectors. The intersection of these two fields has numerous opportunities for industry, society, science, technology, and research. Relatively, this intersection is new, and still, many grey areas need to be identified. This research is a step toward identifying research areas and current trends. Methodology Followed: The present study examines prevailing research patterns and prospective research prospects within Industry 4.0 and Smart Farming. This is accomplished by utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) methodology applied to the data procured from the Scopus database. Results Obtained: By examining the available literature extensively, the researchers have successfully discovered and developed three separate research questions. The questions mentioned above were afterward examined with great attention to detail after using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) on the dataset. The paper highlights a notable finding on the lack of existing scholarly research in the examined combined field. The existing database consists of a restricted collection of 51 scholarly papers. Nevertheless, the forthcoming terrain harbors immense possibilities for exploration and offers a plethora of prospects for additional investigation and cerebral evaluation. The originality of the research: Based on a thorough examination of existing literature, it has been established that there is a lack of research specifically focusing on the convergence of Industry 4.0 and Smart Farming. However, notable progress has been achieved in the field of seclusion. To date, the provided dataset has not been subjected to analysis using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique by any researcher. Practical Implications: This study examines the Industrial Revolution's and Smart Farming's practical effects, focusing on Industry 4.0 research. The proposed method could help agricultural practitioners implement Industry 4.0 technology. It could additionally counsel technology developers on innovation and ease technology transfer. Research on regulatory frameworks, incentive programs, and resource conservation may help policymakers and government agencies