3,425 research outputs found

    Aspectos econômicos da criação de abelhas indígenas sem ferrão (Apidae: Meliponini) no Nordeste paraense.

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    Realidade do Nordeste Paraense; Realidade de Tracuateua; Custos de investimento e manutenção de um meliponário; Custo de investimento; Descrição dos itens que compõem o custo de instalação; Custo operacional; Custo variável; Custo fixo; Aspectos econômicos; Possibilidade de Financiamento; Programa Nacional da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf); Dificuldades e recomendações.Versão eletrônica. 1ª impressão: 2010

    Método de substituição de seiva para preservação de mourões.

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    bitstream/CNPF-2009-09/35558/1/com_tec97.pd

    Magnetic reconfiguration of MnAs/GaAs(001) observed by Magnetic Force Microscopy and Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering

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    We investigated the thermal evolution of the magnetic properties of MnAs epitaxial films grown on GaAs(001) during the coexistence of hexagonal/orthorhombic phases using polarized resonant (magnetic) soft X-ray scattering and magnetic force microscopy. The results of the diffuse satellite X-ray peaks were compared to those obtained by magnetic force microscopy and suggest a reorientation of ferromagnetic terraces as temperature rises. By measuring hysteresis loops at these peaks we show that this reorientation is common to all ferromagnetic terraces. The reorientation is explained by a simple model based on the shape anisotropy energy. Demagnetizing factors were calculated for different configurations suggested by the magnetic images. We noted that the magnetic moments flip from an in-plane mono-domain orientation at lower temperatures to a three-domain out-of-plane configuration at higher temperatures. The transition was observed when the ferromagnetic stripe width L is equal to 2.9 times the film thickness d. This is in good agreement with the expected theoretical value of L = 2.6d.Comment: 16 pages in PD

    Using the economic surplus method to assess economic impacts of new technologies: case studies of Embrapa.

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    Abstract - Assessment of economic impacts of new technologies delivers helpful information to justify investment efforts in research and development to generate new technologies. In Brazilian agricultural research and development, it?s a convention to assess economic impacts of technologies generated and adapted by EMBRAPA. As soon as new technologies are adopted, expost assessment is conducted to evaluate net benefits of its adoption. In agricultural research, the economic surplus method represents one of the suitable frameworks to measure the aggregated social benefits of a research project. With this method it is possible to estimate the return of investments by calculating a variation of consumer and producer surplus through a technological change originated by research results. Therefore, in a first step the gain of adoption i.e., increases in productivity, quality improvements, cost reduction etc. is estimated. In a second step, costs involved in generation and adaptation of the technology are enumerated. The difference between the gains and the costs of generation and transfer represents the net benefit of the technology, explained by the net present value, the internal rate of return and the benefit-costratio. The so far obtained results serve as additional information for each technology to improve its adoption by beneficiaries and to enable access to the new financing sources. Some examples of such technologies are (a) the finishing of lambs in confinement in the Brazilian semi-arid Northeast during the dry season, when feeding resources are scarce and the lamb meat prices are high; (b) strategic vermifugation of goats herds and sheep flocks in the Brazilian semi-arid areas; (c) standardized cuts for goat and sheep carcass and (d) enrichment of the native pastures in Brazilian Northeast with Cynodon dactylon for sheep production. The assessment of the economic impacts of these technologies estimated positive net present values for all four considered technologies, internal rates of return of 26.2% (a), 13.8% (b), 52.8% (c) and 31.0% (d) and the benefit-cost-ratios of 2.92 (a), 1.19 (b), 11.64 (c) and 3.37 (d)

    Impactos econômicos de novas tecnologias: um estudo de caso da Embrapa Caprinos.

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    A avaliaçao de impactos de tecnologias permite o levantamento de informações extremamente relevantes para justificar os esforços direcionados à pesquisa e desenvolvimento no intuito de gerar novas tecnologias. Na pesquisa agropecuaria brasileira, a avaliaçao de impactos das tecnologias geradas pela Embrapa está se tornando algo rotineiro. Assim que novas tecnologias passam a ser adotadas, avaliaçôes ex-post sao conduzidas para estimar os beneficios liquidos de sua adoçao. Para tanto, num primeiro passa, os beneficios obtidos com a adoçao, como aumento de produtividade, melhoria da qualidade, reduçao de custos etc. sao estimados. Em seguida, sao levantados os custos da geraçao, adaptaçao e transferência da tecnologia para os usuarios. A diferença entre os beneficios da adoçao e os custos de geraçao, adaptaçao e transferência representa o beneficio liquido, expresso pela valor presente liquido e pela taxa interna de retorno. Os resultados obtidos, até entao, representam uma informaçao adicional para cada tecnologia, favorecendo sua adoçao pelos beneficiários e permitindo o acesso a novas fontes de fomento à pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Um exemplo de tecnologia gerada com participaçao da Embrapa e adotada por produtores rurais no Semi-Arido é a terminaçao de cordeiros em confinamento, durante a estaçao seca, quando a base alimentar é reduzida e os preços da carne sao elevados. A avaliaçao dos impactos econômicos dessa tecnologia determinou uma taxa interna de retorno de 32,0% para os investimentos feitos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento na Embrapa, o que é bem superior às alternativas disponiveis para aplicaçao do recurso

    Uso da tomografia de raios-x na determinação de densidade básica da madeira e proporção de lenho inicial e tardio.

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    Organizado por Patricia Póvoa de Mattos, Celso Garcia Auer, Rejane Stumpf Sberze, Katia Regina Pichelli e Paulo César Botosso
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