196 research outputs found

    Canine bacterial zoonoses, antibiotic therapy and antibiotic resistance in dogs

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    Antibiotic resistance has from now on gained the qualification of a zoonosis. Men and dogs not only share bacterias and, when the germ is a pathogen, the risk of an infection, but they also share resistance factors which can jeopardize the effects of antibiotic therapy. Veterinary practitioners, scientists and sanitary authorities have joined forces to fight vigorously against the plague that antibiotic resistance represents: meticulous overseeing of bacteria in dogs and their eventual resistance by the RESAPATH network (Anses), drawing up and running of the ECOANTIBIO 2017 plan whose goal is to reduce antibiotics consumption by 25% within 5 years, creation in each region of a referent position in antibiotics
 The problem of antibiotic resistance ties together Man and Animal and perfectly illustrates the importance of the “One Health" concept.La rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques a dĂ©sormais obtenu le statut de zoonose. Homme et Chien Ă©changent non seulement des bactĂ©ries avec, lorsque ces bactĂ©ries sont pathogĂšnes, un risque infectieux, mais aussi des facteurs de rĂ©sistance qui sont susceptibles de compromettre l’efficacitĂ© d’un traitement antibiotique. Praticiens vĂ©tĂ©rinaires, scientifiques, et autoritĂ©s sanitaires se sont associĂ©s pour lutter contre le flĂ©au qu’est l’antibiorĂ©sistance avec des mesures fortes : surveillance mĂ©ticuleuse des germes et de leur rĂ©sistance chez le chien par le rĂ©seau RESAPATH (Anses), Ă©laboration et mise en fonctionnement du plan Ecoantio 2017 qui vise Ă  rĂ©duire en 5 ans la consommation d’antibiotiques de plus de 25 %, crĂ©ation dans chaque rĂ©gion d’un poste rĂ©fĂ©rent en antibiotiques
Cette problĂ©matique « antibiorĂ©sistance » qui rĂ©unit Homme et Animal illustre parfaitement l’importance du « One Health »

    Meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among animals in France : prevalence and co-resistance

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    Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen. Recent infections in humans in the Netherlands (2006) were attributed to ST398 MRSA isolates from pigs and highlighted the potential risk for humans to get infected with MRSA strains of animal origin. Most data available at this time argue for a large prevalence, albeit variable among countries, of ST398 MRSA colonizing (but not infecting) pigs. With respect to transmission to humans, professional exposure to pigs remains the main risk factor identified so far. In Europe, data on MRSA (and mainly non-ST398 MRSA) in other animal species than pigs are still scarce. Therefore, further studies are needed for a more acute evaluation of the risk of spreading to humans.Le staphylocoque dorĂ© (Staphylococcus aureus) rĂ©sistant Ă  la mĂ©ticilline (SARM) constitue un pathogĂšne majeur en mĂ©decine humaine. Des cas rĂ©cents d’infections liĂ©es Ă  des souches d’origine porcine (clone ST398) aux Pays-Bas en 2006 ont mis en lumiĂšre le risque que pouvait constituer le SARM animal pour l’homme. Les principales donnĂ©es disponibles restent encore issues Ă  ce jour de la filiĂšre porcine, et montrent une large prĂ©valence, bien que variable d’un pays Ă  l’autre, d’un clone colonisateur peu virulent, et principalement du groupe clonal ST398. Les infections humaines apparaissent, quant Ă  elles, limitĂ©es aux expositions professionnelles (Ă©leveurs de porcs). Dans les autres espĂšces animales, le SARM (surtout non-ST398) reste peu dĂ©crit, en France comme en Europe. Il conviendra, au cours des prochaines annĂ©es, de complĂ©ter ces donnĂ©es pour prĂ©ciser les Ă©volutions Ă©ventuelles du pouvoir pathogĂšne pour l’homme des SARM animaux

    Resistance to carbapenems in animals in the absence of use

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    Les carbapĂ©nĂšmes, classe d’antibiotiques naturels ou semi-synthĂ©tiques de la famille des bĂȘta-lactamines sont des antibiotiques de premiĂšre importance en mĂ©decine humaine. MĂȘme si l’usage des carbapĂ©nĂšmes est interdit en mĂ©decine vĂ©tĂ©rinaire (antibiotiques critiques), des souches bactĂ©riennes rĂ©sistantes Ă  cette classe d’antibiotiques sont dĂ©crites dans le secteur animal. À partir d’exemple rĂ©cents, cette communication a pour objectif de faire un point sur la situation chez l’animal domestique en France. En particulier, l’exemple de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans des infections cutanĂ©es chez le chien illustre comment la rĂ©sistance aux carbapĂ©nĂšmes est trĂšs probablement sĂ©lectionnĂ©e par l’usage des fluoroquinolones et/ou des aminosides (mĂ©canismes d’efflux). Au final, ces Ă©lĂ©ments constituent une occasion supplĂ©mentaire de rappeler Ă  la profession vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, l’importance de l’usage raisonnĂ© des antibiotiques en toutes circonstances.Carbapenems, a class among beta-lactams are antibiotics of crucial importance in human medicine. Even though carbapenems are not authorized in veterinary medicine, various bacteria harbouring resistance to carbapenems have been reported in the animal sector. Here, based on recent examples, we provide an update on the epidemiological situation of carbapenem resistance in domestic animals in France. Notably, the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the context of external otitis in dogs highlights to what extent resistance to carbapenems may have likely been selected by the use of fluoroquinolones and/or aminoglycosides. At the end, these data stress again the importance of a rational use of antibiotics at any time in veterinary medicine

    Rapid polymyxin NP test for the detection of polymyxin resistance mediated by the MCR-1/MCR-2 genes

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    The Rapid Polymyxin NP test has been recently developed to rapidly detect polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Here we evaluated this test for detecting MCR- 1/MCR-2-producing Enterobacteriaceae using a collection of 70 non-redundant strains either recovered from the environment, animals, or humans. Sensitivity and specificity were found to be 100%

    vanA in Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus casseliflavus detected in French cattle.

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    The goal of this study was to assess the presence of enterococci species presenting van-mediated glycopeptide resistance in French cattle. Fecal samples were collected from healthy and sick animals, and enterococci were screened for vancomycin resistance. Vancomycin resistance was principally encountered in Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus strains. However, glycopeptide resistance was detected in three different species of enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. casseliflavus). Molecular characterization of the genetic support proved that they all presented the prototypic VanA element. Interestingly, the E. casseliflavus strain displayed a remarkable VanB phenotype/vanA-vanC genotype. Transferability, associated resistances, and factors of vanA cotransfer were sought. This study proved that acquired vanA genes can still be detected in food-producing animals more than a decade after the avoparcin ban. Indeed, calves, which are recurrently exposed to antibiotics in France, may allow the re-emergence of glycopeptide resistance through coselection factors, and this might potentially be concerning for human health
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