Tratamento da depressão bipolar

The treatment of bipolar depression has been an area of debate. The use of antidepressants, particularly the triciclics, has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. Evidence points to a limited efficacy of traditional mood stabilizers such as lithium, valproate and carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar depression. In cases where depression is more severe, there is evidence that antidepressants may be useful. The use of antidepressants should be in association with a mood stabilizer. New agents such as lamotrigine have been put forward as effective in the treatment of bipolar depression. Recent studies using lamotrigine suggest its efficacy and safety in the treatment of bipolar depression.O tratamento da depressão bipolar tem sido tema de debate. O uso de antidepressivos, principalmente tricíclicos, nestes pacientes está associado a piores desfechos clínicos. Estudos apontam para uma eficácia limitada de estabilizadores tradicionais como lítio, valproato e carbamazepina no tratamento da depressão bipolar. Em casos de depressão mais grave, há indicativos de que os antidepressivos podem ser úteis, sendo recomendado o uso concomitante de um estabilizador do humor. Novos agentes como a lamotrigina têm sido propostos como efetivos no tratamento da depressão bipolar. Estudos recentes utilizando lamotrigina sugerem a sua eficácia e seguraça no tratamento da depressão bipolar

A Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento da mania resistente: relatos de casos

Electroconvulsive therapy is known to be effective in the treatment of mood disorders, more specifically for depression and mania. Although a large body of evidence confirms the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of mania, few prospective studies have been done to assess its effectiveness in treatment-resistant manic episodes. These case reports describe the initial results of a study that is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Electroconvulsive therapy among treatment-resistant bipolar patients. METHODS: Three manic patients (according to DSM-IV criteria) who were considered treatment-resistant underwent a series of 12 bilateral Electroconvulsive therapy sessions. Before the treatment and then weekly, they were evaluated with the following rating scales: Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version. RESULTS: The 3 patients showed a satisfactory response to Electroconvulsive therapy, although some differences in the course of response were observed. CONCLUSION: These case reports suggest that Electroconvulsive therapy needs further evaluation for the treatment of resistant bipolar patients.A Eletroconvulsoterapia é uma alternativa reconhecidamente eficaz no tratamento dos transtornos do humor. Embora vários estudos tenham confirmado a eficácia desta modalidade terapêutica no tratamento da mania aguda, poucos estudos foram realizados em pacientes maníacos resistentes à farmacoterapia. Esses relatos de casos descrevem resultados preliminares de um projeto de pesquisa que tem por objetivo avaliar a eficácia da Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento de transtornos bipolares resistentes. MÉTODOS: Três pacientes com diagnóstico de mania (de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV), considerados resistentes ao tratamento medicamentoso, foram submetidos a 12 aplicações bilaterais de Eletroconvulsoterapia. Antes do tratamento e semanalmente, até o final da série, foram avaliados com as escalas: Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale e Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version. RESULTADOS: Os três casos aqui relatados apresentaram resposta satisfatória à Eletroconvulsoterapia, e aspectos individuais são discutidos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados iniciais sugerem que a eficácia da Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento de pacientes bipolares resistentes deve ser melhor estudada

Avaliação das salas de imunização de uma capital do nordeste do Brasil

The evaluation by the National Program of the different quality rooms of the determined protocols (PNI) makes an assessment of the various factors that can interfere with the local asymbiological vaccine. With this, it is possible to obtain satisfactory results and to reorder the execution and offer of quality services. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunization rooms in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. This is an evaluative study carried out in 65 Municipal Vaccine rooms, carried out in São Paulo, in a Supervision Room (PAISSV). Most rooms were considered good (58.6%), but none were ideal. The most impacting were found in the room temperature that was not between 18ºC to 20ºC (67.69%), data and opening time of the bottle were not recorded (75.38%), control cards were not organized by return data (70.77%), the search for counterfeiters was not carried out (60.00%), there was no distribution box so as not to turn off the circuit breaker in the electrical search room (78.46%) and there was no active a preventive maintenance and/or correction program for the refrigerator (64.62%). Public vaccination rooms in São Luís were performed as good. Thus, it is necessary to supervise, monitor and evaluate professionals, with permanent education strategies.A avaliação das salas de vacina se faz necessária pelos diversos fatores que podem interferir na qualidade dos imunobiológicos presentes no local e assim comprometer sua eficácia, por meio da identificação de problemas que comprometem a concretização dos protocolos determinados pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI). Com isso, é possível obter resultados satisfatórios e reordenar a execução e a oferta de serviços de qualidade. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as salas de imunização da cidade de São Luís, Maranhão. Trata-se de estudo avaliativo realizado no município de São Luís – MA, em 65 salas que administram vacinas através do Instrumento de Supervisão em Sala de Vacinação (PAISSV). Nenhuma sala foi considerada como ideal, mas 58,46% obtiveram o escore bom. Contudo, 67,69% das salas apresentaram temperatura diferente de 18ºC a 20ºC, 75,38% não realizava o registro de data e hora de abertura do frasco, 70,77% não organizava os cartões de controle por data de retorno, em 60,00% não era realizada a busca ativa de faltosos, o informativo não desligar o disjuntor na caixa de distribuição elétrica não estava presente em 78,46% e o programa de manutenção preventiva e/ou corretiva para o refrigerador era inexistente em 64,62%. As salas de vacinas dos serviços de saúde pública de São Luís foram consideradas como boas, porém não exime a necessidade de fiscalização e avaliação, juntamente com estratégias de qualificação dos profissionais

Social dysfunction in bipolar disorder: pilot study

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the social skills of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: A group of 25 outpatients with bipolar disorder type I were evaluated in comparison with a group of 31 healthy volunteers who were matched in terms of level of education, age, sex and intelligence. Both groups were assessed using a self-report questionnaire, the Brazilian Inventario de Habilidades Sociais (IHS, Social Skills Inventory). Two Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests ( Picture Arrangement and Comprehension) were also used in order to assess subject ability to analyse social situations and to make judgements, respectively. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder had lower IHS scores for the domains that assessed conversational skills/social self-confidence and social openness to new people/situations. Patients with anxiety disorders had high scores for the domain that assessed self-confidence in the expression of positive emotions. No differences were found between patients and controls in performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Picture Arrangement and Comprehension subtests. Conclusions: Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder present inhibited and overattentive behaviour in relation to other people and their environment. This behaviour might have a negative impact on their level of social functioning and quality of life

Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant mania: case reports A Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento da mania resistente: relatos de casos

Electroconvulsive therapy is known to be effective in the treatment of mood disorders, more specifically for depression and mania. Although a large body of evidence confirms the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of mania, few prospective studies have been done to assess its effectiveness in treatment-resistant manic episodes. These case reports describe the initial results of a study that is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Electroconvulsive therapy among treatment-resistant bipolar patients. METHODS: Three manic patients (according to DSM-IV criteria) who were considered treatment-resistant underwent a series of 12 bilateral Electroconvulsive therapy sessions. Before the treatment and then weekly, they were evaluated with the following rating scales: Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version. RESULTS: The 3 patients showed a satisfactory response to Electroconvulsive therapy, although some differences in the course of response were observed. CONCLUSION: These case reports suggest that Electroconvulsive therapy needs further evaluation for the treatment of resistant bipolar patients.<br>A Eletroconvulsoterapia é uma alternativa reconhecidamente eficaz no tratamento dos transtornos do humor. Embora vários estudos tenham confirmado a eficácia desta modalidade terapêutica no tratamento da mania aguda, poucos estudos foram realizados em pacientes maníacos resistentes à farmacoterapia. Esses relatos de casos descrevem resultados preliminares de um projeto de pesquisa que tem por objetivo avaliar a eficácia da Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento de transtornos bipolares resistentes. MÉTODOS: Três pacientes com diagnóstico de mania (de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV), considerados resistentes ao tratamento medicamentoso, foram submetidos a 12 aplicações bilaterais de Eletroconvulsoterapia. Antes do tratamento e semanalmente, até o final da série, foram avaliados com as escalas: Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale e Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version. RESULTADOS: Os três casos aqui relatados apresentaram resposta satisfatória à Eletroconvulsoterapia, e aspectos individuais são discutidos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados iniciais sugerem que a eficácia da Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento de pacientes bipolares resistentes deve ser melhor estudada