Molecular and biological assessment reveals sources of resistance to Plum pox virus - Turkey strain in Turkish apricot (Prunus armeniaca) germplasm

Plum pox virus (PPV) is an important threat to apricot (Prunus armeniaca) production globally, including in Turkey and Iran, the world's leading producers of dried apricots. Although most apricot cultivars are susceptible and host resistance is the most promising approach to managing the disease. A few cultivars carrying the resistance locus PPVres have been used in breeding programs. Additional sources of resistance are highly desirable. The PPV susceptibility of cultivars in the Irano-Caucasian eco-geographical group, considered a secondary center of apricot diversity, has been little studied. We surveyed the response of 227 apricot accessions to PPV strain 'Turkey' (PPV-T) and, in parallel, scored molecular markers linked to PPVres. Four accessions ('Cebir', 'Lifos' 'Karum', and 'Zard') were identified as resistant to PPV-T and carried molecular markers for PPVres. Two additional accessions ('Kanis', and Italian Cultivar 'Fracasso') were resistant but did not carry any of the PPVres resistance markers, indicating possible new sources of resistance. Their novelty was also supported by previously published molecular diversity analyses. The new resistance sources will be particularly useful for breeding new cultivars of apricot for drying. The marker ZP002 is more reliable and easy to use in selecting for the resistance allele at the PPVres locus. PPV resistance in apricot is not likely strain-specific

Characterization of Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Genotypes Selected from Cappadocia Region (Nevsehir-Turkey) by SSR Markers

Cappadocia region of Anatolia hosts the third largest wild apricot population in Turkey. The objective of the study was to characterize 44 wild apricot genotypes selected from Cappadocia Region (Nevsehir-Turkey) as prominent with their late flowering, resistance to spring late frosts, large fruit sizes and/or late fruit ripening characteristics and 5 reference apricot cultivars ('Hacihaliloglu', 'Kabaasi', 'Hasanbey', 'Aprikoz' and 'Levent') with SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. A total of 16 SSR primers were used and 13 of them were successfully amplified. Total number of alleles was 107, average number of alleles was 8.23; average lie and Ho values were 0.722 and 0.669, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied between 0.471 and 0.845. There was a quite high genetic diversity among wild apricot genotypes that genetic similarity values varied between 12 and 96%. Homonymous and synonymous genotypes were not encountered

Spring late frost resistance of selected wild apricot genotypes (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Cappadocia region, Turkey

Spring late frost is the most important problem in apricot growing. One of the effective and long-lasting solutions is the development of genotypes with frost resistance as well as late flowering. In this study, low temperature resistance of 36 wild apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), selected for their survival after severe spring late frosts in their natural environments among the rich genetic resources of Cappadocia (Nevsehir-Turkey) was determined by artificial freezing tests in controlled conditions. Apricot cultivars of Hacihaliloglu, Kabaasi, Hasanbey, Aprikoz and Levent were used as control. Low temperatures were applied to flower buds, flowers and young fruits at red calyx (-8 degrees C), balloon (-8 degrees C), full flowering (-4 degrees C), petal fall (-3 degrees C) and young fruit (-3 degrees C) stages for 2 hours. The cooling rate was 2 degrees C h(-1) with linear decline. Survival rates (%) of female organs in flowers and seeds in young fruits were determined by visual assesments, and by electrical conductivity (mu S.cm(-1)) measurements which is an indication of ion leakage from damaged tissues in genotypes. The results showed that resistance of the wild apricots to low temperatures varied by developmental stage. Overall, most of the genotypes had higher survival rates than the standard apricot cultivars. However, genotypes # 24 and 45 exhibited high viability rates (68.3% <) and low EC values (< 30.1%) at many stages of development in both years, and were considered resistant to spring late frosts. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with the genotypes' survival rate (%) and electrical conductivity (mu S cm(-1)) data together without discrimination of growth stage placed these two genotypes in the same group

Spring late frost resistance of selected wild apricot genotypes (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Cappadocia region, Turkey

WOS:000456762700040Spring late frost is the most important problem in apricot growing. One of the effective and long-lasting solutions is the development of genotypes with frost resistance as well as late flowering. In this study, low temperature resistance of 36 wild apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), selected for their survival after severe spring late frosts in their natural environments among the rich genetic resources of Cappadocia (Nevsehir-Turkey) was determined by artificial freezing tests in controlled conditions. Apricot cultivars of Hacihaliloglu, Kabaasi, Hasanbey, Aprikoz and Levent were used as control. Low temperatures were applied to flower buds, flowers and young fruits at red calyx (-8 degrees C), balloon (-8 degrees C), full flowering (-4 degrees C), petal fall (-3 degrees C) and young fruit (-3 degrees C) stages for 2 hours. The cooling rate was 2 degrees C h(-1) with linear decline. Survival rates (%) of female organs in flowers and seeds in young fruits were determined by visual assesments, and by electrical conductivity (mu S.cm(-1)) measurements which is an indication of ion leakage from damaged tissues in genotypes. The results showed that resistance of the wild apricots to low temperatures varied by developmental stage. Overall, most of the genotypes had higher survival rates than the standard apricot cultivars. However, genotypes # 24 and 45 exhibited high viability rates (68.3% <) and low EC values (< 30.1%) at many stages of development in both years, and were considered resistant to spring late frosts. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with the genotypes' survival rate (%) and electrical conductivity (mu S cm(-1)) data together without discrimination of growth stage placed these two genotypes in the same group.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114O279]This research was supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), project no 114O279. Assistance of Nevsehir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry in field studies in Cappadocia region were greatly appreciated

Suboptimal use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: Results from the RAMSES study

WOS: 000384041400052PubMed ID: 27583892This study aimed to investigate the potential misuse of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and the physicians' adherence to current European guideline recommendations in real-world using a large dataset from Real-life Multicenter Survey Evaluating Stroke Prevention Strategies in Turkey (RAMSES Study).RAMSES study is a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02344901). In this subgroup analysis of RAMSES study, patients who were on NOACs were classified as appropriately treated (AT), undertreated (UT), and overtreated (OT) according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. The independent predictors of UT and OT were determined by multivariate logistic regression.Of the 2086 eligible patients, 1247 (59.8%) received adequate treatment. However, off-label use was detected in 839 (40.2%) patients; 634 (30.4%) patients received UT and 205 (9.8%) received OT. Independent predictors of UT included >65 years of age, creatinine clearance 50mL/min, urban living, existing dabigatran treatment, and HAS-BLED score of <3, whereas that of OT were creatinine clearance <50mL/min, ongoing rivaroxaban treatment, and HAS-BLED score of 3.The suboptimal use of NOACs is common because of physicians' poor compliance to the guideline recommendations in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Older patients who were on dabigatran treatment with good renal functions and low risk of bleeding were at risk of UT, whereas patients who were on rivaroxaban treatment with renal impairment and high risk of bleeding were at risk of OT. Therefore, a greater emphasis should be given to prescribe the recommended dose for the specified patients