Non-steady state chloride migration and binding in cracked self-compacting concrete

We adopted a notch method to study the influence of crack width (macro level) on chloride transport and binding of cracked concrete under a non-steady state migration test. The results show that migration coefficient of cracked concrete increases with increasing crack width up to a critical value (0.43 mm), for the whole concrete or the area close to crack; the increase of migration coefficient could be independent from crack parameter when a critical crack width is reached. For chloride binding, Langmuir isotherms of cracked concrete samples exhibit the similar decreasing trend as crack width increases from 0.27 to 1.96 mm. The increased current value could be responsible for the trend based on the hypothesis of electric force

Combining Transfer of TTF-1 and Pax-8 Gene: a Potential Strategy to Promote Radioiodine Therapy of Thyroid Carcinoma

Cotransfer of TTF-1 and Pax-8 gene to tumor cells, resulting in the reexpression of iodide metabolism-associated proteins, such as sodium iodide symporter (NIS), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroperoxidase (TPO), offers the possibility of radioiodine therapy to non-iodide-concentrating tumor because the expression of iodide metabolism-associated proteins in thyroid are mediated by the thyroid transcription factors TTF-1 and Pax-8. The human TTF-1 and Pax-8 gene were transducted into the human thyroid carcinoma (K1 and F133) cells by the recombinant adenovirus, AdTTF-1 and AdPax-8. Reexpression of NIS mRNA and protein, but not TPO and Tg mRNA and protein, was detected in AdTTF-1-infected F133 cells, following with increasing radioiodine uptake (6.1~7.4 times), scarcely iodide organification and rapid iodide efflux (t1/2≈8 min in vitro, t1/2≈4.7 h in vivo).
In contrast, all of the reexpression of NIS, TPO and Tg mRNA and proteins in F133 cells were induced by the synergetic effect of TTF-1 and Pax-8. AdTTF-1 and AdPax-8 coinfected K1 and F133 cells could effectively accumulate radioiodine (6.6-7.5 times) and obviously retarded radioiodine retention (t1/2≈25-30 min in vitro, t1/2≈12 h in vivo) (p<0.05).
Accordingly, the effect of radioiodine therapy of TTF-1 and Pax-8 cotransducted K1 and
F133 cells (21-25% survival rate in vitro) was better than that of TTF-1-transducted cells
(40% survival rate in vitro) (p<0.05). These results indicate that single TTF-1 gene transfer may have limited efficacy of radioiodine therapy because of rapid radioiodine efflux. The cotransduction of TTF-1 and Pax-8 gene, with resulting NIS-mediated radioiodine accumulation and TPO and Tg-mediated radioiodine organification and intracellular retention, may lead to effective radioiodine therapy of thyroid carcinoma

Determination of hydrophile-lipophile balance (hlb) of bovine mucin for possible emulsifying properties

The Hydrophile-Lipophile balance (HLB) of bovine mucin was evaluated. Mucin was processed fromthe small intestine of freshly saughtered cow via precipitation wth chilled acetone, air-drying andpulverization Series of emulsion were formed with bovine mucin and paraffin oil, in varying ratios,the most stable emulsion with the least creaming level was found to be mucin-oil ratio of 19, aftera period of 7 days and the HLB value of mucin calculated according to standard methods. The HLB value of mucin was 8.4. These HLB value fell within the range of 8 – 18, that is characteristcs o oil-in-water (o/w) emulgents.Keywords: Hydrophile-Lipophile balance, Bovine mucin, Emulsifying propertie

Forced off Farm? Labor Allocation Response to Land Requisition in Rural China

Land requisition has been an important process by which Chinese local governments promote urbanization and generate revenue. This study investigates the impacts of land requisition on farmers' decisions of labor allocation between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. We argue that, conditional on village fixed effects, land requisition can be explored as a quasi-natural experiment to identify the relationship between land rights and labor allocation of farmers. We find that young farmers (age 16-44) are not affected in their migration decisions by land loss through requisition, while some older farmers (age 45-55) are affected. In response to land loss through requisition, the probability that older farmers living beyond the mean distance from the county seat migrates to cities increases by 8.5 percentage points. An econometric test confirms that the finding is unlikely to be driven by unobserved variables associated with household experience of land loss. This finding raises concerns about the wellbeing of the farmers who may not be competitive in the urban labor market and therefore unlikely to leave farming unless they have to

Analisis Pemikiran Fzalur Rahman Tentang Aspek Epistemologi Ekonomi Islam

This goal of this article is analysing Afzalur Rahman\u27s concept on Islamic economic. As an object of study, Islamic economic should have three aspects of knowledge: ontology, epistemology and axiology. There are ten basis of Islamic economic: theology, maslahah, justice, leadership, brotherhood, productivity and performance, ownership, freedom, responsibility, social security, and prophethood. The goals of Islamic economic are: achievement of economic growth, social welfare, and fair economic distributions. In addition, there are Islamic business ethics: honesty, kindness, never makes false oath, voluntair, and free of usury