2,299 research outputs found
Water on hexagonal boron nitride from diffusion Monte Carlo
Despite a recent flurry of experimental and simulation studies, an accurate
estimate of the interaction strength of water molecules with hexagonal boron
nitride is lacking. Here we report quantum Monte Carlo results for the
adsorption of a water monomer on a periodic hexagonal boron nitride sheet,
which yield a water monomer interaction energy of -84 +/- 5 meV. We use the
results to evaluate the performance of several widely used density functional
theory (DFT) exchange correlation functionals, and find that they all deviate
substantially. Differences in interaction energies between different adsorption
sites are however better reproduced by DFT
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Morphology and reactivity of size-selected titanium oxide nanoclusters on Au(111).
The morphology and reactivity of mass-selected titania clusters, Ti3O6 and Ti3O5, deposited onto Au(111) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and temperature programmed desorption. Despite differing by only one oxygen atom, the stoichiometric Ti3O6 and the sub-stoichiometric ("reduced") Ti3O5 clusters exhibit very different structures and preferred binding sites. The Ti3O6 clusters bind at step edges and form small assemblies (2-4 clusters) on Au terraces, while the "reduced" Ti3O5 clusters form much larger fractal-like assemblies that can extend across step boundaries. Annealing the Ti3O5,6/Au(111) systems to higher temperatures causes changes in the size-distributions of cluster assemblies, but does not lead to the formation of TiOx nanoislands for temperatures ≤700 K. Reactivity studies show that the reduced Ti3O5 cluster has higher activity than Ti3O6 for 2-propanol dehydration, although both clusters exhibit substantial activity for dehydrogenation to acetone. Calculations using DFT+U suggest that the differences in aggregate morphology and reactivity are associated with the number of undercoordinated Ti3c sites in the supported clusters
Independent validation of the antiphospholipid score for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Good news or bad news, which do you want first? The importance of the sequence and organization of Information for financial decision-making: a neuro-electrical imaging study
Investment decisions are largely based on the information investors received from the target firm. Thaler introduced the hedonic editing framework, in which suggests that integration/segregation of information influence individual's perceived value. Meanwhile, when evaluating the evidence and information in a sequence, order effect and biases have been found to have an impact in various areas. In this research, the influence of the Organization of Information (Integration vs. Segregation) and the Sequence of Information (Negative-Positive order vs. Positive-Negative order) on individual's investment decision-making both at the behavioral level (decision) and neurometrix level (measured by an individual's emotion and Approach Withdraw tendency) was assessed for the three groups of information: a piece of Big Positive Information and a piece of Small Negative Information, a piece of Big Negative Information and a piece of Small Positive Information, and a piece of Small Negative information. The behavioral results, which are an individual's final investment decision, were consistent for all three scenarios. In general, individuals will invest more/retire less when receiving two pieces of information in a Negative-Positive order. However, the neurometric results (Emotional Index, Approach Withdraw Index and results from LORETA) show differences among information groups. An effect of the Sequence of Information and the Organization of Information was found for the different scenarios. The results suggest that in the scenarios that involve large-scale information, the organization of information (Integration vs. Segregation) influences the emotion and Approach Withdraw tendency. The results of this investigation should provide insight for effective communication of information, especially when large-scale information is involved
The Tensor Brain: A Unified Theory of Perception, Memory and Semantic Decoding
We present a unified computational theory of an agent's perception and
memory. In our model, perception, episodic memory, and semantic memory are
realized by different operational modes of the oscillating interactions between
a symbolic index layer and a subsymbolic representation layer. The two layers
form a bilayer tensor network (BTN). Although memory appears to be about the
past, its main purpose is to support the agent in the present and the future.
Recent episodic memory provides the agent with a sense of the here and now.
Remote episodic memory retrieves relevant past experiences to provide
information about possible future scenarios. This aids the agent in
decision-making. "Future" episodic memory, based on expected future events,
guides planning and action. Semantic memory retrieves specific information,
which is not delivered by current perception, and defines priors for future
observations. We argue that it is important for the agent to encode individual
entities, not just classes and attributes. We demonstrate that a form of
self-supervised learning can acquire new concepts and refine existing ones. We
test our model on a standard benchmark data set, which we expanded to contain
richer representations for attributes, classes, and individuals. Our key
hypothesis is that obtaining a better understanding of perception and memory is
a crucial prerequisite to comprehending human-level intelligence.Comment: Accepted for publication at Neural Computatio
Distortion of the acoustic peaks in the CMBR due to a primordial magnetic field
In this paper we study the effect of a magnetic field on the fluctuation
spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. We find that upcoming measurements
might give interesting bounds on large scale magnetic fields in the early
Universe. If the effects are seen, it might be possible to establish the
presence of different fields in different patches of the sky. Absence of any
effect, will provide by one order of magnitude a better limit for a primordial
field, now given by nucleosynthesis.Comment: 10 pages, 2 .ps figures included, extra reference added and
typographical errors correcte
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