Expression of oestrogen-related receptor alpha in human epidermis.

International audienceSkin is a non-classical target for oestrogens. Despite evidence showing that oestrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in skin, there are still extensive gaps in our understanding of how oestrogens exert their action in non-reproductive tissues. Oestrogen-related receptor-alpha (ERRalpha), orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, shows a strong sequence homology with ERalpha but it does not bind oestradiol. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate ERRalpha expression in the epidermis of adult human skin. ERRalpha mRNA was detected in the epidermis of eight female donors using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The presence of the protein was confirmed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry on 5 and 11 adult human skins, respectively. This study shows that ERRalpha is expressed in human epidermis and could intervene in a potentially new oestrogen signalling pathway in the skin.Skin is a non-classical target for oestrogens. Despite evidence showing that oestrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in skin, there are still extensive gaps in our understanding of how oestrogens exert their action in non-reproductive tissues. Oestrogen-related receptor-alpha (ERRalpha), orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, shows a strong sequence homology with ERalpha but it does not bind oestradiol. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate ERRalpha expression in the epidermis of adult human skin. ERRalpha mRNA was detected in the epidermis of eight female donors using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The presence of the protein was confirmed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry on 5 and 11 adult human skins, respectively. This study shows that ERRalpha is expressed in human epidermis and could intervene in a potentially new oestrogen signalling pathway in the skin

Expression of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma) in human skin.

International audienceSkin is a non-classical target for estrogens. Despite evidence showing that estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in skin, there are still extensive gaps in our understanding of how estrogens exert their action in non-reproductive tissues. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, shows a strong sequence homology with estrogen receptor alpha but it does not bind estradiol. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the expression of ERRgamma in adult human skin. ERRgamma mRNA was detected in the keratinocytes and fibroblasts of 8 female donor skins using RT-PCR. The presence of the protein was confirmed using immunohistochemistry on 11 adult human skins and Western Blotting on monolayer-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes from respectively 4 and 2 donors. This study shows that ERRgamma is expressed in human skin and could intervene in a potentially new estrogen signaling pathway in the skin.Skin is a non-classical target for estrogens. Despite evidence showing that estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in skin, there are still extensive gaps in our understanding of how estrogens exert their action in non-reproductive tissues. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, shows a strong sequence homology with estrogen receptor alpha but it does not bind estradiol. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the expression of ERRgamma in adult human skin. ERRgamma mRNA was detected in the keratinocytes and fibroblasts of 8 female donor skins using RT-PCR. The presence of the protein was confirmed using immunohistochemistry on 11 adult human skins and Western Blotting on monolayer-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes from respectively 4 and 2 donors. This study shows that ERRgamma is expressed in human skin and could intervene in a potentially new estrogen signaling pathway in the skin

Nanocarrier for the Transdermal Delivery of an Antiparkinsonian Drug

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsions as nanodrug carrier systems for the percutaneous delivery of ropinirole. Nanoemulsions comprised Capryol 90 as the oil phase, Tween 20 as the surfactant, Carbitol as the cosurfactant, and water as an external phase. The effects of composition of nanoemulsion, including the ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant (Smix) and their concentration on skin permeation, were evaluated. All the prepared nanoemulsions showed a significant increase in permeation parameters such as steady state flux (Jss) and permeability coefficient (Kp) when compared to the control (p < 0.01). Nanoemulsion composition (NEL3) comprising ropinirole (0.5% w/w), Capryol 90 (5% w/w), Smix 2:1 (35% w/w), and water (59.5% w/w) showed the highest flux (51.81 ± 5.03 µg/cm2/h) and was selected for formulation into nanoemulsion gel. The gel was further optimized with respect to oil concentration (Capryol 90), polymer concentration (Carbopol), and drug content by employing the Box–Behnken design, which statistically evaluated the effects of these components on ropinirole permeation. Oil and polymer concentrations were found to have a negative influence on permeation, while the drug content had a positive effect. Nanoemulsion gel showed a 7.5-fold increase in skin permeation rate when compared to the conventional hydrogel. In conclusion, the results of the present investigation suggested a promising role of nanoemulsions in enhancing the transdermal permeation of ropinirole