Synthesis and tomographic characterization of the displaced Fock state of light

Displaced Fock states of the electromagnetic field have been synthesized by overlapping the pulsed optical single-photon Fock state |1> with coherent states on a high-reflection beamsplitter and completely characterized by means of quantum homodyne tomography. The reconstruction reveals highly non-classical properties of displaced Fock states, such as negativity of the Wigner function and photon number oscillations. This is the first time complete tomographic reconstruction has been performed on a highly non-classical optical state

Assessing the Real-Time Impact of COVID-19 on TB and HIV Services: The Experience and Response from Selected Health Facilities in Nairobi, Kenya

There was concern that the COVID-19 pandemic would adversely affect TB and HIV programme services in Kenya. We set up real-time monthly surveillance of TB and HIV activities in 18 health facilities in Nairobi so that interventions could be implemented to counteract anticipated declining trends. Aggregate data were collected and reported monthly to programme heads during the COVID-19 period (March 2020–February 2021) using EpiCollect5 and compared with monthly data collected during the pre-COVID period (March 2019–February 2020). During the COVID-19 period, there was an overall decrease in people with presumptive pulmonary TB (31.2%), diagnosed and registered with TB (28.0%) and in those tested for HIV (50.5%). Interventions to improve TB case detection and HIV testing were implemented from August 2020 and were associated with improvements in all parameters during the second six months of the COVID-19 period. During the COVID-19 period, there were small increases in TB treatment success (65.0% to 67.0%) and referral of HIV-positive persons to antiretroviral therapy (91.2% to 92.9%): this was more apparent in the second six months after interventions were implemented. Programmatic interventions were associated with improved case detection and treatment outcomes during the COVID-19 period, suggesting that monthly real-time surveillance is useful during unprecedented events

A NOVEL APPROACH TO POLICY BASED SIMILARITY IN SUBSCRIPTION IMPLICATION TO INITIATOR FOR MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS (MSNS)

A network operator provides a wireless data transfer service (i.e., a wireless connection) to the content providers. The content received from the providers using this service is buffered in a queue. Subsequently, the content at the head of the queue is transferred to U mobile users at any base station (e.g., using broadband wireless access) owned by the network operator

Extraction of Lanthanides as Mixed Ligand Complexes: A Study of Complex Formation &- Distribution Equilibria

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Effect of Feeding Chapaties Preserved with Sorbic Acid on Growth and Reproduction of Albino Rats

Sorbic acid, used in concentration of o.3% in chapaties and found satisfactory as a preservative, has been investigated for its safety of use by long term feeding studies with albino rats. The data obtained with regard to growth rate, food consumption, organ to body weight ratio and performance in reproduction show that the preserved foodstuffs containing sorbic acid in the concentration of o.3% are safe for consumption

Inferring population trends for the world's largest fish from mark-recapture estimates of survival

© British Ecological Society# 1. Precise estimates of demographic rates are key components of population models used to predict the effects of stochastic environmental processes, harvest scenarios and extinction probability. # 2. We used a 12-year photographic identification library of whale sharks from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia to construct Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) model estimates of survival within a capture–mark–recapture (CMR) framework. Estimated survival rates, population structure and assumptions regarding age at maturity, longevity and reproduction frequency were combined in a series of age-classified Leslie matrices to infer the potential trajectory of the population. # 3. Using data from 111 individuals, there was evidence for time variation in apparent survival (φ) and recapture probability (p). The null model gave a @ of 0·825 (95% CI: 0·727–0·893) and = 0·184 (95% CI: 0·121–0·271). The model-averaged annual @ ranged from 0·737 to 0·890. There was little evidence for a sex effect on survival. # 4. Using standardized total length as a covariate in the CMR models indicated a size bias in φ. Ignoring the effects of time, a 5-m shark has a @ = 0·59 and a 9 m shark has @ = 0·81. # 5. Of the 16 model combinations considered, 10 (63%) indicated a decreasing population (λ < 1). For models based on age at first reproduction (α) of 13 years, the mean age of reproducing females at the stable age distribution (Ā) ranged from 15 to 23 years, which increased to 29–37 years when α was assumed to be 25. # 6. All model scenarios had higher total elasticities for non-reproductive female survival [E(snr)] compared to those for reproductive female survival [E(sr)]. # 7. Assuming relatively slow, but biologically realistic, vital rates (α = 25 and biennial reproduction) and size-biased survival probabilities, our results suggest that the Ningaloo Reef population of whale sharks is declining, although more reproductive data are clearly needed to confirm this conclusion. Combining relatively precise survival estimates from CMR studies with realistic assumptions of other vital rates provides a useful heuristic framework for determining the vulnerability of large oceanic predators for which few direct data exist.Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Henry F. Mollet And Mark G. Meeka