225 research outputs found
Are Prices Sticky in Large Developing Economies? An Empirical Comparison of China and India
This paper compares the role of macroeconomic and sector-specific factors in price movements for China and India, taking into account the features unique to developing economies. We find that fluctuations in the aggregated prices in China are more persistent than the underlying disaggregated prices. Compared to China, prices in India respond more promptly to macroeconomic and monetary policy shocks. We also show that the urban CPI in China responds more sharply than rural CPI when facing sector-specific shocks, while the opposite is true for India
Are Prices Sticky in Large Developing Economies? An Empirical Comparison of China and India
This paper compares the role of macroeconomic and sector-specific factors in price movements for China and India, taking into account the features unique to developing economies. We find that fluctuations in the aggregated prices in China are more persistent than the underlying disaggregated prices. Compared to China, prices in India respond more promptly to macroeconomic and monetary policy shocks. We also show that the urban CPI in China responds more sharply than rural CPI when facing sector-specific shocks, while the opposite is true for India
Dependence of nanocrystal formation and charge storage/retention performance of a tri-layer memory structure on germanium concentration and tunnel oxide thickness
The effect of germanium (Ge) concentration and the rapid thermal oxide (RTO) layer thickness on the nanocrystal formation and charge storage/retention capability of a trilayer metal-insulator-semiconductor device was studied. We found that the RTO and the capping oxide layers were not totally effective in confining the Ge nanocrystals in the middle layer when a pure Ge middle layer was used for the formation of nanocrystals. From the transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results, a significant diffusion of Ge atoms through the RTO and into the silicon (Si) substrate was observed when the RTO layer thickness was reduced to 2.5 nm. This resulted in no (or very few) nanocrystals formed in the system. For devices with a Ge+SiOâ‚‚ co-sputtered middle layer (i.e., lower Ge concentration), a higher charge storage capability was obtained than with devices with a thinner RTO layer, and the charge retention time was found to be less than in devices with a thicker RTO layer.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA
Charge Storage Mechanism and Size Control of Germanium Nanocrystals in a Tri-layer Insulator Structure of a MIS Memory Device
A method of synthesizing and controlling the size of germanium nanocrystals is developed. A tri-layer metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) memory device structure comprising of a thin (~5nm) silicon dioxide (SiO₂) layer grown using rapid thermal oxidation (RTO), followed by a layer of Ge+SiO₂ of varying thickness (3 - 6 nm) deposited using a radio frequency (rf) co-sputtering technique, and a capping SiO₂ layer (50nm) deposited using rf sputtering is investigated. It was verified that the size of germanium (Ge) nanocrystals in the vertical z-direction in the trilayer memory device was controlled by varying the thickness of the middle (cosputtered Ge+SiO₂) layer. From analyses using transmission electron microscopy and capacitance-voltage measurements, we deduced that both electrons and holes are most likely stored within the nanocrystals in the middle layer of the trilayer structure rather than at the interfaces of the nanocrystals with the oxide matrix.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA
Evolution of avalanche conducting states in electrorheological liquids
Charge transport in electrorheological fluids is studied experimentally under
strongly nonequlibrium conditions. By injecting an electrical current into a
suspension of conducting nanoparticles we are able to initiate a process of
self-organization which leads, in certain cases, to formation of a stable
pattern which consists of continuous conducting chains of particles. The
evolution of the dissipative state in such system is a complex process. It
starts as an avalanche process characterized by nucleation, growth, and thermal
destruction of such dissipative elements as continuous conducting chains of
particles as well as electroconvective vortices. A power-law distribution of
avalanche sizes and durations, observed at this stage of the evolution,
indicates that the system is in a self-organized critical state. A sharp
transition into an avalanche-free state with a stable pattern of conducting
chains is observed when the power dissipated in the fluid reaches its maximum.
We propose a simple evolution model which obeys the maximum power condition and
also shows a power-law distribution of the avalanche sizes.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Association Between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese
OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association between raised blood pressure and dysglycemia
The lifetime of B_c-meson and some relevant problems
The lifetime of the B_c-meson is estimated with consistent considerations on
all of the heavy mesons () and the double
heavy meson B_c. In the estimate, the framework, where the non-spectator
effects for nonleptonic decays are taken into account properly, is adopted, and
the parameters needed to be fixed are treated carefully and determined by
fitting the available data. The bound-state effects in it are also considered.
We find that in decays of the meson B_c, the QCD correction terms of the
penguin diagrams and the main component terms c_1O_1, c_2O_2 of the effective
interaction Lagrangian have direct interference that causes an enhancement
about 3 ~ 4% in the total width of the B_c meson.Comment: 27 pages, 0 figur
Effective Lagrangian for and Vertices in the mSUGRA model
Complete expressions of the and vertices are
derived in the framework of supersymmetry with minimal flavor violation. With
the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model, a numerical analysis of the
supersymmetric contributions to the Wilson Coefficients at the weak scale is
presented.Comment: 12 pages + 7 ps figures, Late
The anomalous Higgs-top couplings in the MSSM
The anomalous couplings of the top quark and the Higgs boson has been studied
in an effective theory resulting in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric
extension of the standard model (MSSM) when the heavy fields are integrated
out. Constraints on the parameters of the model from the experimental data on
the ratio are derived.Comment: Latex, 26 pages + 13 ps figures, final version in PR
Does reverse mentoring work in the NHS: a feasibility study of clinicians in practice
Objective To assess the risks and benefits of reverse mentoring of consultants by junior doctors.
Design A feasibility study divided into two phases: first a semistructured interview where performance of participating consultants was assessed by junior doctors and then a second phase allowing for feedback to be given on a one-to-one basis. Data collected through questionnaires with free text questions and Likert scores.
Setting Tertiary teaching hospital in the UK.
Participants Six junior doctors (66.6% male, age range 31–40 years) and five consultants (80% male, age range 35–65 years and consultants for 5–20 years).
Intervention Reverse mentoring session.
Main outcome measure The concerns and/or benefits of the process of reverse mentoring. Confidence was assessed in 7 domains: clinical practice, approach to juniors, approachability, use of technology, time management, strengths and areas for improvement using Likert scales giving a total out of 35.
Results The most common concerns cited were overcoming the hierarchical difference and a selection bias in both mentors and mentees. However, no participant experienced this hierarchical difference through the reverse mentoring process and no relationships were negatively affected. Mentors became more confident in feeding back to seniors (23 vs 29 out of 35, p=0.04) most evident in clinical practice and areas to improve (3 vs 4 out of 5, p=0.041 and 3 vs 5 out of 5, p=0.041, respectively).
Conclusion We present the first study of reverse mentoring in an NHS clinical setting. Initial concerns with regard to damaged relationships and hierarchical gradients were not experienced and all participants perceived that they benefited from the process. Reverse mentoring can play a role in engaging and training future leaders at junior stages and provide a means for consultants to receive valuable feedback from junior colleagues
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