Sauerkraut inoculated with Lactobacillus casei as a potent immunomodulator in Escherichia coli infected mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory property of sauerkraut (in the presence and absence of Lactobacillus casei culture) on Escherichia coli infected Balb -C mice. Fermentation of freshly washed, shredded cabbage was fulfilled by adding 2% salt to prepare ‘sauerkraut control’, whereas ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ was prepared by adding 2% salt, 2% sugar and 20% Lactobacillus casei culture. After incubation for five days at room temperature, fermented sauerkrauts were tested in vivo on mice and the stimulation process was carried out orally for 19 days. Both ‘sauerkraut control’ and ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ have shown an increased number of T cell populations namely: CD4+ CD8+ IFN-γ + , TNF-α + . These findings were associated with enhanced performance of macrophages and reduction in a number of CD68+ IL-6 + cell populations [a proinflammatory cytokine]. The impact of the immunomodulatory property of inoculated sauerkraut was higher compared to control sauerkraut

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik dengan Materi Penanggulangan Bencana Banjir di SMA Negeri 1 Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes

The purpose of this research was to (1) develop comic learning media and (2) improve the learning outcomes of students in grade XI social sciences. Research and Development using ADDIE models (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluations)). The research design is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design and Purposive Sampling method with total sampling two classes. Data collection techniques using pretest-posttest and questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using normality test, homogenity test , independent t-test, minimum completedness criteria (KKM), and one-party proportion test using SPSS 16.0 software. Produk developed is a comic learning media for flood mitigation. The results showed that (1) design of comic learning media uses Clip Studio Paint Pro and Medibang software, the material is about flood disaster mitigation, and the research location at SMA Negeri 1 Bulakamba. (2) The percentage of the pre-test score for the control class XI IPS 2 is > 3,33% and the percentage of the post-test is > 90%. While the percentage of the pre-test score for the experiment class XI IPS 6 is > 9,38% which means that use of comic learning media effective in improving students of class XI IPS at SMA Negeri 1 Bulakamba

PENGARUH SHORT FOOT EXERCISE TERHADAP MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH PADA PENDERITA FLAT FOOT: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Latar Belakang: Flat foot atau pes planus adalah kondisi dimana lengkungan arkus telapak kaki mengalami peurunan yang dapat terjadi pada anak-anak hingga orang dewasa, flat foot terjadi sekitar 20-30% populasi secara global. Flat foot dapat terjadi akibat bawaan maupun bukan bawaan, pada anak-anak biasanya merupakan hal normal karena Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) akan muncul dengan sendirinya seiring pertumbuhan anak, namun pada remaja maupun dewasa biasanya disebabkan karena kebiasaan yang kurang baik ataupun akibat obesitas, kehamilan, dan lain-lain. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh Short Foot Exercise (SFE) terhadap MLA pada penderita flat foot. Metode: menggunakan narrative review dengan frameword berupa PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparasion, Outcome) serta menggunakan 3 database berupa Google Cendekia, Ebsco, dan NCBI. Hasil: Dari kesepuluh literatur menyatakan bahwa short foot exercise berpengaruh terhadap MLA pada penderita flat foot. Kesimpulan: SFE berpengaruh dan bermanfaat terhadap MLA pada penderita flat foot

Teknik melipatgandakan hasil tanaman di areal sempit I/ Pertiwi

62 hal.: ill.; 21 cm

METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IMAZALIL AND ITS METABOLITES IN WATER SAMPLES USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY � TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

In this work, a sensitive and selective method for the determination of imazalil and its 5 selected metabolites in water samples using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography � tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed. Three water matrices were used, i.e., deionised, surface and waste water. The extraction efficiencies of OASIS HLB, OASIS MCX, Strata X, C18 and C18 polar plus cartridges were checked in acidic condition. OASIS HLB was then chosen for further experiments due to the highest recoveries for all target compounds, yielded 97% to 101%. The performance of analytical instruments, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and LC-MS/MS, to determine the target compounds were compared as well using fortification experiments. Results showed that LC-MS/MS detection gave higher sensitivity and selectivity for all target compounds in comparison with HPLC-DAD. The value of method detection limit (MDL) and method quantification limit (MQL) for both methods are at concentration of µg L -1 and ng L -1 for HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The evaluation of matrix effects from surface water samples analysed by SPE and LC- MS/MS showed there was an ion suppression phenomenon at low values, -1% to -7%, and thus, it could be neglected. The validation results of SPE and LC-MS/MS method consistently demonstrated the accuracy and precision to meet the acceptance criteria, the accuracy range, -30% to +20%, and the precision value � 20%. In addition, the applicability of SPE and LC-MS/MS method for screening analysis or identification of the target compounds was achieved in this work. Imazalil was found in all investigated waste water samples from waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Weddel and Steinhof, Germany, both influent and effluent at very low concentration, below the MQL of imazalil

KATALIS HETEROGEN K2CO3/γ-ALUMINA DAN CaCO3/γ- ALUMINA DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL

Heterogeneous catalysts of K2CO3/γ-alumina and CaCO3/γ-alumina for biodiesel production via transesterification of castor oil (Riccinus communis) have been studied. The K2CO3 and CaCO3 salt (10 wt.%) was loaded on γ-alumina by wet impregnation method, followed by calcination and oxidation produced K2CO3/γ-alumina and CaCO3/γ-alumina catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) and Barret Joyner Halenda (BJH) to analyze cristalinity, specific surface, total pore volume and average pore radius of catalysts, respectively. Basicity of catalysts were determined by the Hammett method. Transesterification reaction of castor oil was conducted in a batch reactor system at 60oC for 2 h. The parameters of catalyst to oil weight ratio and reaction time were varied for conversion of the castor oil to biodiesel. The methyl esther content on biodiesel product was analyzed with GC-MS and American Standard of Testing Materials (ASTM) of biodiesel. The result show that impregnation of K2CO3 and CaCO3 to γ-alumina were decreased specific surface area and increased basicity and average pore radius of γ-alumina. The highest catalytic activity yielded 95% biodiesel under the condition of 5 wt.% K2CO3/γ-alumina for 150 min. The catalyst selectivity toward methyl ricinoleate of GC analysis and liquid product were 91.81% and 87.22%

EFEK PERLAKUAN FREEZE-THAW TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT MEMBRAN GELATIN-CARBONATED HYDROXY APATITE SEBAGAI PERANCAH DALAM REGENERASI SARAF

One of the major challenges in the development of scaffold for nerve regeneration is enhancing mechanical strength of the material to avoid the scaffold to rapidly degrade during regeneration process in nerve system. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of freeze-thaw to the properties of gelatin-carbonated hydroxy apatite (CHA) membrane in two ratios 7 to 3 and 6 to 4 for gelatin to CHA respectively. Some variations of freeze-thaw cycles were applied for both ratios, which is known for its biocompatibility in cells. The CHA was synthesized by wet precipitating method of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid in gelatin solution at room temperature and open system. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analysis was conducted to confirm the formation of type-B CHA in gelatin matrix. The resulted membrane was then subject for membrane characterization. It was known from the study that freeze-thaw treatment during membrane fabrication affects several properties of the membrane. Platelet loading capability decreased when freeze-thaw cycles increased. Meanwhile, the platelet was released more rapidly by freeze-thawed gelatin-CHA membrane compared to non-freeze-thawed one. The degradation percentage of the membrane decreased with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles, showing 4 hours slower degradation in the freeze-thawed membrane compared to the unfreeze-thawed one. Furthermore, it was observed that freeze-thaw improved the tensile strength of the membrane, although the modulus elasticity increased simultaneously. Moreover, in general it was observed from this study that freeze-thaw treatment did not affect permeability of the membranes towards glucose transport

Sauerkraut inoculated with Lactobacillus casei as a potent immunomodulator in Escherichia coli infected mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory property of sauerkraut (in the presence and absence of Lactobacillus casei culture) on Escherichia coli infected Balb -C mice. Fermentation of freshly washed, shredded cabbage was fulfilled by adding 2% salt to prepare ‘sauerkraut control’, whereas ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ was prepared by adding 2% salt, 2% sugar and 20% Lactobacillus casei culture. After incubation for five days at room temperature, fermented sauerkrauts were tested in vivo on mice and the stimulation process was carried out orally for 19 days. Both ‘sauerkraut control’ and ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ have shown an increased number of T cell populations namely: CD4+ CD8+ IFN-γ + , TNF-α + . These findings were associated with enhanced performance of macrophages and reduction in a number of CD68+ IL-6 + cell populations [a proinflammatory cytokine]. The impact of the immunomodulatory property of inoculated sauerkraut was higher compared to control sauerkraut