Comparative study of the nutrient content of fish and shell fish

The amino acid, mineral and proximate composition of mullet (Mugil oeur), mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), crab (Scylla serrata) and prawn (Penaeus indicus) are reported. The data are used for comparing the nutritional quality of the fish and shell fish. Further, the amino acid composition is screened for their adequacy to meet the FAO/WHO recommended pattern of essential amino acids

Hierarchical strategies for efficient fault recovery on the reconfigurable PAnDA device

A novel hierarchical fault-tolerance methodology for reconfigurable devices is presented. A bespoke multi-reconfigurable FPGA architecture, the programmable analogue and digital array (PAnDA), is introduced allowing fine-grained reconfiguration beyond any other FPGA architecture currently in existence. Fault blind circuit repair strategies, which require no specific information of the nature or location of faults, are developed, exploiting architectural features of PAnDA. Two fault recovery techniques, stochastic and deterministic strategies, are proposed and results of each, as well as a comparison of the two, are presented. Both approaches are based on creating algorithms performing fine-grained hierarchical partial reconfiguration on faulty circuits in order to repair them. While the stochastic approach provides insights into feasibility of the method, the deterministic approach aims to generate optimal repair strategies for generic faults induced into a specific circuit. It is shown that both techniques successfully repair the benchmark circuits used after random faults are induced in random circuit locations, and the deterministic strategies are shown to operate efficiently and effectively after optimisation for a specific use case. The methods are shown to be generally applicable to any circuit on PAnDA, and to be straightforwardly customisable for any FPGA fabric providing some regularity and symmetry in its structure

Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Dairi Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kebijakan Akuntansi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Dairi, Studi pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan menyatakan bahwa laporan keuangan merupakan laporan yang terstruktur mengenai posisi keuangan dan transaksi-transaksi yang dilakukan oleh suatu entitas pelaporan. Hal ini ditegaskan dalam Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Nomor 1 paragraf 9. Tujuan umum laporan keuangan adalah menyajikan informasi mengenai posisi keuangan, realisasi anggaran, arus kas, dan kinerja keuangan suatu entitas pelaporan yang bermanfaat bagi para pengguna dalam membuat dan mengevaluasi keputusan mengenai alokasi sumber daya. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari kebijakan tersebut, Pemerintah Kabupaten Dairi telah mengeluarkan kebijakan yang berupa Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Dairi Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kebijakan Akuntansi Pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Dairi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisisImplementasi Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Dairi Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kebijakan Akuntansi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Dairi, pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Dairi. Sampel diambil secara aksidential sampling, yang berjumlah 22 orang. Analisis data dengan analisis statistik deskriftif dengan menggunakan tabel frekwensiatau tabel tunggal.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Dairi Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kebijakan Akuntansi Pemerintah Bupati Kabupaten Dairi sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan, yaitu dengan rata-rata total skor 2,62, maka termasuk dalam kategori baik dalam arti bahwa Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Dairi Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kebijakan Akuntansi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Dairi tersebut telah berjalan efektif atau berhasil sebagaimana diharapkan. Namun apabila dilihat dari masing-masing indikator, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan angka skor rata-rata dimana indikator sumber-sumber menunjukkan kategor sedang, sedangkan ketiga indikator lainnya (komunikasi, kecenderungan dan struktur birokrasi) termasuk dalam kategiri baik. Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Dairi Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kebijakan Akuntansi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Dairi telah sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara Pasal 19 (1) dan (2) yaitu, pendekatan berdasarkan prestasi kerja yang akan dicapai, dan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pedoman Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah.Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 on Government Accounting Standards states that financial statements are structured reports on the financial position and transactions conducted by a reporting entity. This is affirmed in the Statement of Government Accounting Standards Number 1 paragraph 9. The general purpose of the financial statements is to provide information on the financial position, budget realization, cash flow, and financial performance of a reporting entity beneficial to users in creating and evaluating decisions on resource allocation . As a follow up of the policy, Dairi District Government has issued a policy in the form of Regent regulation of Dairi Regency Number 21 Year 2014 About Accounting Policies of Dairi District Government.This study aims to analyze the Implementation of Regent regulation of Dairi Regency Number 21 of 2014 on Accounting Policies of Dairi District Government, at the Regional Finance and Asset Management Board of Dairi Regency. Samples were taken by means of sampling, which amounted to 22 persons. Data analysis with descriptive statistical analysis by using table frequency or single table.The results of this study indicate that the Implementation of Regent regulation Dairi Number 21 of 2014 About the Accounting Policies of Dairi District Government in accordance with the established criteria, namely the average total score of 2.62, it is included in the category either in the sense that the Implementation of Regent regulation Dairi Number 21 of 2014 Concerning the Accounting Policies of Dairi District Government has been effective or successful as expected. However, when viewed from each indicator, the difference between the average score indicates where the indicator of the sources indicates the medium category, while the other three indicators (communication, trends and bureaucracy structure) are included in the good category. Regent regulation of Dairi Regency Number 21 of 2014 Concerning the Local Government Accounting Policy of Dairi Regency has been in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 17 Year 2003 regarding State Finance Article 19 (1) and (2) namely, approach based on work achievement to be achieved, and Regulation Minister of Home Affairs No. 13 of 2006 on Guidelines for Regional Financial Management

Glacial Aerodynamic Roughness Estimates:Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Precision in Field Measurements

Calculation of the sensible and latent heat (turbulent) fluxes is required in order to close the surface energy budget of glaciers and model glacial melt. The aerodynamic roughness length, z0, is a key parameter in the bulk approach to calculating sensible heat flux; yet, z0 is commonly considered simply as a tuning parameter or generalized between surfaces and over time. Spatially and temporally distributed observations of z0 over ice are rare. Both direct (from wind towers and sonic anemometers) and indirect (from microtopographic surveys) measurements of z0 are subject to sensitivities and uncertainties that are often unstated or overlooked. In this study, we present a quantitative evaluation of aerodynamic profile-based and microtopographic methods and their effect on z0 using data collected from Storglaciären and Sydöstra Kaskasatjäkkaglaciären, Tarfala Valley, Arctic Sweden. Aggressive data filters discard most of the wind tower data but still produce realistic z0 values of 1.9 mm and 2 mm. Despite uncertainty introduced by scale and resolution dependence, microtopographic methods produced estimates of z0 comparable to wind tower values and those found on similar surfaces. We conclude that (1) in the absence of direct turbulent flux measurements from sonic anemometers, the profile and microtopographic methods provide realistic z0 values, (2) both 2D and 3D microtopographic methods are dependent on scale, resolution, and the chosen detrending method, and (3) careful calibration of these parameters could enable glacier-wide investigations of z0 from remotely sensed data, including those increasingly available from satellite platforms

Alpha-stat acid-base regulation during cardiopulmonary bypass improves neuropsychologic outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

AbstractNeuropsychologic impairment in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass may be associated with cerebral blood flow changes arising from different management protocols for carbon dioxide tension during bypass. Seventy patients having coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to either pH-stat or alpha-stat acid-base management during cardiopulmonary bypass with a membrane oxygenator. In each patient, cerebral blood flow (xenon 133 clearance), middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (transcranial Doppler sonography), and cerebral oxygen metabolism (cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral extraction ratio) were measured during four phases of the operation: before bypass, during bypass (at hypothermia and at normothermia), and after bypass. A battery of neuropsychologic tests were also conducted before and 6 weeks after the operation. During hypothermic (28º C) bypass, cerebral blood flow was significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the pH-stat group (41 ml•100 gm -1 •min -1 ; 95% confidence interval 39 to 43 ml•100 gm -1 •min -1 ) than in the alpha-stat group (24 ml•100 gm -1 •min -1 ; confidence interval 22 to 26 ml•100 gm -1 •min -1 ) at constant pressure and flow. Arterial carbon dioxide tensions were 41 mm Hg (40 to 41 mm Hg) and 26 mm Hg (25 to 27 mm Hg), respectively; pH was 7.36 (7.34 to 7.38) and 7.53 (7.51 to 7.55), respectively. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the alpha-stat group to 87% (77% to 96%) of the prebypass value, whereas it was significantly (p < 0.05) increased (152%; 141% to 162%) in the pH-stat group. Cerebral extraction ratio for oxygen demonstrated relative cerebral hyperemia during hypothermic (28º C) bypass in both the pH-stat and alpha-stat groups (0.12 [0.11 to 0.14] and 0.25 [0.22 to 0.28], respectively); however, hyperemia was significantly more pronounced in the pH-stat group, indicating greater disruption in cerebral autoregulation. Neuropsychologic impairment criteria of deterioration in results of three or more tests revealed that a significantly (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.02) higher proportion of patients in the pH-stat group fared poorly than in the alpha-stat group at 6 weeks (17/35, 48.6% [32% to 65.1%], and 7/35, 20% [6.7% to 33.2.2%], respectively). In conclusion, patients receiving alpha-stat management had less disruption of cerebral autoregulation during cardiopulmonary bypass, accompanied by a reduced incidence of postoperative cerebral dysfunction. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1996;111:1267-79

Associations between diabetes and both cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality are modified by grip strength: evidence from UK Biobank, a prospective population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVE Grip strength and diabetes are predictors of mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether these risk factors interact to predispose to adverse health outcomes is unknown. This study determined the interactions between diabetes and grip strength and their association with health outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We undertook a prospective, general population cohort study by using UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the associations between both grip strength and diabetes and the outcomes of all-cause mortality and CVD incidence/mortality as well as to test for interactions between diabetes and grip strength. RESULTS 347,130 UK Biobank participants with full data available (mean age 55.9 years, BMI 27.2 kg/m2, 54.2% women) were included in the analysis, of which 13,373 (4.0%) had diabetes. Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years (range 3.3–7.8 years), 6,209 died (594 as a result of CVD), and 4,301 developed CVD. Participants with diabetes were at higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality and CVD incidence. Significant interactions (P &lt; 0.05) existed whereby the risk of CVD mortality was higher in participants with diabetes with low (hazard ratio [HR] 4.05 [95% CI 2.72, 5.80]) versus high (HR 1.46 [0.87, 2.46]) grip strength. Similar results were observed for all-cause mortality and CVD incidence. CONCLUSIONS Risk of adverse health outcomes among people with diabetes is lower in those with high grip strength. Low grip strength may be useful to identify a higher-risk subgroup of patients with diabetes. Intervention studies are required to determine whether resistance exercise can reduce risk

Stability Walls in Heterotic Theories

We study the sub-structure of the heterotic Kahler moduli space due to the presence of non-Abelian internal gauge fields from the perspective of the four-dimensional effective theory. Internal gauge fields can be supersymmetric in some regions of the Kahler moduli space but break supersymmetry in others. In the context of the four-dimensional theory, we investigate what happens when the Kahler moduli are changed from the supersymmetric to the non-supersymmetric region. Our results provide a low-energy description of supersymmetry breaking by internal gauge fields as well as a physical picture for the mathematical notion of bundle stability. Specifically, we find that at the transition between the two regions an additional anomalous U(1) symmetry appears under which some of the states in the low-energy theory acquire charges. We compute the associated D-term contribution to the four-dimensional potential which contains a Kahler-moduli dependent Fayet-Iliopoulos term and contributions from the charged states. We show that this D-term correctly reproduces the expected physics. Several mathematical conclusions concerning vector bundle stability are drawn from our arguments. We also discuss possible physical applications of our results to heterotic model building and moduli stabilization.Comment: 37 pages, 4 figure

Type 0A 2D Black Hole Thermodynamics and the Deformed Matrix Model

Recently, it has been proposed that the deformed matrix model describes a two-dimensional type 0A extremal black hole. In this paper, the thermodynamics of 0A charged non-extremal black holes is investigated. We observe that the free energy of the deformed matrix model to leading order in 1/q can be seen to agree to that of the extremal black hole. We also speculate on how the deformed matrix model is able to describe the thermodynamics of non-extremal black holes.Comment: 12 page

Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure-From-Motion Photogrammetry

We present the evolution over 3 months of a 2016–2017 pāhoehoe flow at Kīlauea as it changed from a narrow sheet flow into a compound lava field fed by a stable system of tubes. The portion of the flow located on Kīlauea's coastal plain was characterized using helicopter-based visible and thermal structure-from-motion photogrammetry to construct a series of georeferenced digital surface models and thermal maps on eight different days. Results reveal key influences on the emplacement and evolution of such long-lived pāhoehoe flows. This region of the flow grew by ~12 × 10 6 m 3 with a near-constant time-average discharge rate of 1.2–2.7 m 3/s. The development of two tube systems is captured and shows an initial nascent tube enhanced by a narrow topographic confinement, which later inflated and created a topographic inversion that modulated the emplacement of a second flow lobe with its own tube system. The analysis of breakouts at various stages of the field's life suggests that the evolution of the thermal and morphological properties of the flow surface reflect its maturity. Thermal properties of breakouts were used to expand the empirical relationship of breakout cooling to longer timescales. This study contributes to the long-term development and validation of more accurate predictive models for pāhoehoe, required during the management of long-lasting lava flow crises in Hawai'i and elsewhere