Optimal levels of postharvest deficit irrigation for promoting early flowering and harvest dates in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

Deficit irrigation after harvest has been proven to be a more profitable strategy for producing loquats due to its effects on promoting earlier flowering and harvest date next season. To determine water savings which most advance flowering and harvest dates, an experiment was established to compare phenology, fruit quality and yield in 'Algerie' loquats over two consecutive seasons. In this experiment some trees were programmed to receive 50%, 25% or 0% of the water applied to controls (RDI50%, RDI25%, and RDI0%, respectively) from mid-June to the end of July (6 weeks). Fully irrigated trees acted as first controls while trees undergoing previously tested postharvest deficit irrigation (25% of water applied to controls; RDILong) from early June up to the end of August (13 weeks of RDI total) acted as second controls. All deficit irrigation treatments promoted earlier flowering when compared to fully irrigated trees; the greatest advancement in full bloom date (27 days) was achieved with severe short term RDI (RDI0% and RDI25%). The trees suffering an extended period of water stress advanced full bloom date but to a lesser extent (13 and 18 days; 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, respectively). Earlier bloom derived in an earlier harvest date without detrimental effects on fruit quality and productivity. In this regard, the most severe RDI (RDI0%) advanced mean harvest date the most (7 and 9 days, depending on the season), and increased the percentage of precocious yield to the highest extent. Productivity was not diminished by reduced irrigation in either season. Fruit size and grading was enhanced thanks to RDI in both seasons. Earliness and better fruit class distribution under RDI also improved fruit value and gross revenue enabling farmers both to increase earning and economize on water.Eriobotrya japonica Regulated deficit irrigation Reproductive phenology Flower quality Water deficit Water stress

Organización y disponibilidad de recursos para la asistencia toxicológica en los servicios de urgencias de los hospitales españoles

Introducción: La mayoría de los intoxicados agudos acaban siendo asistidos en los Servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarios (SUH), constituyendo este ámbito adecuado para evaluar el tipo de organización, los recursos y la asistencia prestada a estos enfermos. Método: Se envió una encuesta por correo a los SUH de 176 hospitales españoles, la cual constaba de siete apartados: características del hospital, disponibilidad de analítica toxicológica urgente las 24 horas, disponibilidad de un botiquín toxicológico, formación específica de postgrado/continuada, investigación clínica, información toxicológica y calidad asistencial (método preferente de descontaminación digestiva e intervalo eficaz para su aplicación en 3 situaciones clínicas). Resultados: El índice de respuestas fue del 43,7%. El 54,5% de los SUH usaban un test en orina para el diagnóstico analítico rápido. La disponibilidad de analítica cuantitativa de los parámetros útiles para el tratamiento fue del 61,9% en hospitales de nivel III. Sólo el 31,4% de las sustancias del botiquín toxicológico estaban disponibles en el 100% de los hospitales. Los quelantes eran accesibles en el 60% y compuestos de aplicación inmediata variaban según el nivel del Hospital entre el 63 y el 90%. El 72,5% de los médicos habían asistido a algún curso de postgrado, el 25,6% había publicado algún trabajo toxicológico y el 59,5% alguna comunicación a un congreso. Disponían de protocolos de intoxicaciones el 87%. El 94,8% de los centros utilizaban como fuente de información el Servicio de Información Toxicológica ubicado en Madrid. El 86,7% de los SUH señalaron al lavado gástrico como método preferente de descontaminación digestiva. Los intervalos de descontaminación correctamente contestados oscilaron entre el 18,7 y el 38,7%. Conclusiones: Es necesario realizar un consenso sobre analítica toxicológica, dotación mínima de antídotos y tiempo en que deben estar disponibles ambos, en función del nivel asistencial del hospital. También debe valorarse la implantación de programas específicos de formación de postgrado/reciclaje, y la redacción y difusión de guías por parte de las Sociedades Científicas, para evitar actitudes rutinarias en el tratamiento del intoxicado agudo

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P < 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients