527 research outputs found
Nutritional Studies on Dried Functional Food Ingredients Containing omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acids.
End of Project ReportTeagasc acknowledges with gratitude grant aid under the EU Framework Programme (EU FAIR
contract No. CT-95-0085).The nutritional benefits of fish oils are generally attributed to their content of long
chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Diets rich in these fatty acids
are known to reduce the risk of coronary thrombosis, and are recommended to
those who are susceptible to atherosclerosis. In addition, some of these long chain
PUFAs play an important role in early infant nutrition, in the development of vital
human organs such as the neural tube.
However, practical difficulties arise in achieving an adequate daily intake of fish
oils to obtain these physiological benefits. Per capita fish consumption is low in
many countries, especially of oily fish with high levels of omega-3 PUFAs. Fish oil,
while available as a dietary supplement, is not universally appealing in that form.
Attempts to incorporate fish oil into food formulations have had limited success
mainly because of fishy flavours coming through in the consumer products. Fish
oil is particularly susceptible to oxidation, which results in fishy, painty and metallic
flavours.
Hence the main aim of this study was the development of a dried ingredient in
which the formulation and related processing conditions were optimised to protect
the fish oil from oxidation. Protection of any sensitive oil may be achieved by
means of microencapsulation, whereby oil is dispersed as very fine droplets in
emulsions. During subsequent spray drying the droplets are effectively sealed
inside a protective coating of protein surrounded by carbohydrate.
The objective was, therefore, to evaluate microencapsulation as a means of
extending the shelf-life of fish oil in powder form thus increasing its versatility as a
nutritional ingredient in food formulations.European Unio
Ingredient Dehydration of Fermented and Flavour-Sensitive Products.
End of Project ReportTraditionally, yoghurt is produced in a hydrated form and, thus, possesses a
limited shelf-life even when refrigerated. Consumption within a short time
of production is advisable, particularly if advantage is to be taken of the
putative benefits associated with the ingestion of live yoghurt cultures.
The production of an instant yoghurt powder would, thus, provide benefits
of shelf-life extension and convenience of preparation and storage.
However, the drying of such products is difficult due to low pH, which
causes stickiness in drier chambers and makes powder recovery difficult.
Furthermore, key flavour components formed by fermentation such as
acetaldehyde and diacetyl which contribute to the unique flavour of natural
yoghurt are sensitive to heat and easily lost during spray-drying.
Hence, a major challenge of this project was to investigate the processing
technologies and conditions necessary for the minimisation of flavour losses
during the spray-drying of acidified/fermented milk bases, to monitor the
effects on drier performance such as powder adhesion to drier walls, and to
develop functional forms of the spray-dried ingredients. The main aims of the project were to:
- improve yoghurt powder spray-drying efficiency through optimisation of
concentrate solids,
- investigate the effect of spray-drying conditions on flavour losses of
sensitive products such as dehydrated yoghurt and fermented creams,- apply technological approaches for the reduction of flavour losses: a)
ingredient formulation, b) modification of fermentation conditions,
- investigate the production of agglomerated forms of spray-dried yoghurt
powders,
- study factors affecting the physical properties such as rheological
characteristics and powder bulk density, and
- adapt technology to ensure greater viability of culture cell numbers at the
end of the drying process.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin
Sen and the art of educational maintenance: evidencing a capability, as opposed to an effectiveness, approach to schooling
There are few more widely applied terms in common parlance than âcapabilityâ. It is used (inaccurately) to represent everything from the aspiration to provide opportunity to notions of innate academic ability, with everything in between claiming apostolic succession to Amartya Sen, who (with apologies to Aristotle) first developed the concept. This paper attempts to warrant an adaptation of Senâs capability theory to schooling and schooling policy, and to proof his concepts in the new setting using research involving 100 pupils from 5 English secondary schools and a schedule of questions derived from the capability literature. The findings suggest that a capability approach can provide an alternative to the dominant Benthamite school effectiveness paradigm, and can offer a sound theoretical framework for understanding better the assumed relationship between schooling and well-being
Meson Exchange Currents in (e,e'p) recoil polarization observables
A study of the effects of meson-exchange currents and isobar configurations
in reactions is presented. We use a distorted wave
impulse approximation (DWIA) model where final-state interactions are treated
through a phenomenological optical potential. The model includes relativistic
corrections in the kinematics and in the electromagnetic one- and two-body
currents. The full set of polarized response functions is analyzed, as well as
the transferred polarization asymmetry. Results are presented for proton
knock-out from closed-shell nuclei, for moderate to high momentum transfer.Comment: 44 pages, 18 figures. Added physical arguments explaining the
dominance of OB over MEC, and a summary of differences with previous MEC
calculations. To be published in PR
Evidence for and phases in the morphotropic phase boundary region of : A Rietveld study
We present here the results of the room temperature dielectric constant
measurements and Rietveld analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data on
(PMN-PT) in the composition range
to show that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB)
region contains two monoclinic phases with space groups Cm (or type) and
Pm (or type) stable in the composition ranges and
, respectively. The structure of PMN-PT in the
composition ranges 0.26, and is found to be
rhombohedral (R3m) and tetragonal (P4mm), respectively. These results are
compared with the predictions of Vanderbilt & Cohen's theory.Comment: 20 pages, 11 pdf figure
Nucleon Charge and Magnetization Densities from Sachs Form Factors
Relativistic prescriptions relating Sachs form factors to nucleon charge and
magnetization densities are used to fit recent data for both the proton and the
neutron. The analysis uses expansions in complete radial bases to minimize
model dependence and to estimate the uncertainties in radial densities due to
limitation of the range of momentum transfer. We find that the charge
distribution for the proton is significantly broad than its magnetization
density and that the magnetization density is slightly broader for the neutron
than the proton. The neutron charge form factor is consistent with the Galster
parametrization over the available range of Q^2, but relativistic inversion
produces a softer radial density. Discrete ambiguities in the inversion method
are analyzed in detail. The method of Mitra and Kumari ensures compatibility
with pQCD and is most useful for extrapolating form factors to large Q^2.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. C. Two new figures and accompanying text have
been added and several discussions have been clarified with no significant
changes to the conclusions. Now contains 47 pages including 21 figures and 2
table
Meson exchange currents in electromagnetic one-nucleon emission
The role of meson exchange currents (MEC) in electron- and photon-induced
one-nucleon emission processes is studied in a nonrelativistic model including
correlations and final state interactions. The nuclear current is the sum of a
one-body and of a two-body part. The two-body current includes pion seagull,
pion-in-flight and the isobar current contributions. Numerical results are
presented for the exclusive 16O(e,e'p)15N and 16O(\gamma,p)15N reactions. MEC
effects are in general rather small in (e,e'p), while in (\gamma,p) they are
always large and important to obtain a consistent description of (e,e'p) and
(\gamma,p) data, with the same spectroscopic factors. The calculated (\gamma,p)
cross sections are sensitive to short-range correlations at high values of the
recoil momentum, where MEC effects are larger and overwhelm the contribution of
correlations.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Recoil Polarization for Delta Excitation in Pion Electroproduction
We measured angular distributions of recoil-polarization response functions
for neutral pion electroproduction for W=1.23 GeV at Q^2=1.0 (GeV/c)^2,
obtaining 14 separated response functions plus 2 Rosenbluth combinations; of
these, 12 have been observed for the first time. Dynamical models do not
describe quantities governed by imaginary parts of interference products well,
indicating the need for adjusting magnitudes and phases for nonresonant
amplitudes. We performed a nearly model-independent multipole analysis and
obtained values for Re(S1+/M1+)=-(6.84+/-0.15)% and Re(E1+/M1+)=-(2.91+/-0.19)%
that are distinctly different from those from the traditional Legendre analysis
based upon M1+ dominance and sp truncation.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, for PR
Still a long way to go to achieve multidisciplinarity for the benefit of patients: commentary on the ESMO position paper (Annals Oncology Jan;25(1): 9-15, 2014)
Virtual Compton Scattering and Neutral Pion Electroproduction in the Resonance Region up to the Deep Inelastic Region at Backward Angles
We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton scattering (VCS)
process via the H exclusive reaction in the nucleon resonance
region, at backward angles. Results are presented for the -dependence at
fixed GeV, and for the -dependence at fixed near 1.5 GeV.
The VCS data show resonant structures in the first and second resonance
regions. The observed -dependence is smooth. The measured ratio of
H to H cross sections emphasizes the different
sensitivity of these two reactions to the various nucleon resonances. Finally,
when compared to Real Compton Scattering (RCS) at high energy and large angles,
our VCS data at the highest (1.8-1.9 GeV) show a striking -
independence, which may suggest a transition to a perturbative scattering
mechanism at the quark level.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.
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